109. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree

题目:

Given a singly linked list where elements are sorted in ascending order, convert it to a height balanced BST.


题意:

给定一个按升序排列的单链表,将其转换为高度平衡的二叉搜索树。


思路一:

将有序链表存在一个数组里。根据每次访问中间节点当做根节点,递归调用左右子树节点。

代码:30ms

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* sortedListToBST(ListNode* head) {
        if(!head) return NULL;
        
        vector<int> tmp;
        while(head){  //将链表转换为数组
            tmp.push_back(head->val);
            head = head->next;
        }
        return sortedArrayTree(tmp, 0, tmp.size()-1);
    }
    
    TreeNode *sortedArrayTree(vector<int> &arr, int start, int end){
        if(start > end) return NULL;
        
        TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(arr[(start+end)/2]); //取数组中间元素作为根节点
        
        root->left = sortedArrayTree(arr, start, (start+end)/2-1);
        root->right = sortedArrayTree(arr, (start+end)/2+1, end);
        return root;
    }
};
思路二:

定义两个分别为一快一慢的节点变量,慢节点每次向前一步,快节点每次向前两步,当快节点到达末尾时,慢节点到链表中间位置,慢节点值即为二叉搜索树的根节点值,之后依次递归左右子树。

代码:1ms

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public TreeNode sortedListToBST(ListNode head) {
        return rec(head, null);
    }
    
    public TreeNode rec(ListNode start, ListNode end){
        if(start==end) return null;
        
        ListNode p = start, q = start;
        while(q!=end && q.next!=end){  //找到链表中间值
            p = p.next;
            q = q.next.next;
        }
        
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(p.val);  //链表中间值作为根节点
        root.left = rec(start, p);
        root.right = rec(p.next, end);
        
        return root;
    }
}

思路三:

先求出链表长度,将链表长度作为参数传递进递归函数,每次寻找链表中点时,只需要新定义的指针向前移动一般链表长度即可,将找到的节点值作为根源上节点值,之后递归调用左右子树。

代码:28ms

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* sortedListToBST(ListNode* head) {
        int n = 0;
        ListNode *p = head;
        while(p!=NULL){  //得到链表长度
            n++;
            p = p->next;
        }
        return sortedListToBST(head, n);
    }
    
    TreeNode *sortedListToBST(ListNode *head, int n){
        if(head==NULL || n==0) return NULL;
        
        ListNode *p = head;
        for(int i=1; i<(n+1)/2; ++i){  //每次找到传入长度的中间值
            p = p->next;
        }
        TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(p->val);  //将中间值作为根节点
        root->left = sortedListToBST(head, (n+1)/2-1);
        root->right = sortedListToBST(p->next, n-(n+1)/2);
        return root;
    }
};
思路四:

以上三种方法都是自顶向下生成的二叉树,本方法采用自底向上的方式生成二叉树,迭代递归时,根据链表顺序依次将链表值填入二叉搜索树中。

代码:1ms

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    
    static ListNode currentHead = null;
    
    public TreeNode sortedListToBST(ListNode head) {
        if(head==null) return null;
        currentHead = head;
        int len = 0;
        while(head!=null){  //获取链表长度
            len++;
            head = head.next;
        }
        return sortedListToBST(0, len-1);
    }
    
    public TreeNode sortedListToBST(int start, int end){
        if(start>end) return null;
        
        int mid = start + (end-start)/2; 
        TreeNode left = sortedListToBST(start, mid-1); //生成左子树
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(currentHead.val); 
        root.left = left;
        currentHead = currentHead.next;  //链表后移
        root.right = sortedListToBST(mid+1, end);   //生成右子树
        return root;
    }
}

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【Solution】 To convert a binary search tree into a sorted circular doubly linked list, we can use the following steps: 1. Inorder traversal of the binary search tree to get the elements in sorted order. 2. Create a doubly linked list and add the elements from the inorder traversal to it. 3. Make the list circular by connecting the head and tail nodes. 4. Return the head node of the circular doubly linked list. Here's the Python code for the solution: ``` class Node: def __init__(self, val): self.val = val self.prev = None self.next = None def tree_to_doubly_list(root): if not root: return None stack = [] cur = root head = None prev = None while cur or stack: while cur: stack.append(cur) cur = cur.left cur = stack.pop() if not head: head = cur if prev: prev.right = cur cur.left = prev prev = cur cur = cur.right head.left = prev prev.right = head return head ``` To verify the accuracy of the code, we can use the following test cases: ``` # Test case 1 # Input: [4,2,5,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 4 # / \ # 2 5 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 <-> 4 <-> 5 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 5 <-> 4 <-> 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(4) root.left = Node(2) root.right = Node(5) root.left.left = Node(1) root.left.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) # Test case 2 # Input: [2,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 2 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(2) root.left = Node(1) root.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) ``` The output of the test cases should match the expected output as commented in the code.

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