Happy Number

Write an algorithm to determine if a number is “happy”.(判断一个数字是否是”happy”)

A happy number is a number defined by the following process: Starting with any positive integer, replace the number by the sum of the squares of its digits, and repeat the process until the number equals 1 (where it will stay), or it loops endlessly in a cycle which does not include 1. Those numbers for which this process ends in 1 are happy numbers.(happy 数字如下定义:任意一个正整数作为起始数字,然后由它的每位数的平方和来替换,重复该过程直到数字等于1,或者在无穷循环中的一个循环不包含1。这些以1为结果的数字称为happy)
Example: 19 is a happy number
[图片]

1.个人分析
可以从最直观的方法入手,根据题目条件,只要将输入的整数不断地拆分成若干个位数,然后使每个数的平方和进行相加,最后重复该过程直至结果为单个个位数,若该数字为1则是happy number。

2.个人解法
(1)

bool isHappy(int n) 
{
    vector<int> vec;
    while(n >= 10)
    {
        int sum = 0;
        while(n>0){
            vec.push_back(n % 10);
            n /= 10;
        }
        for(int i=0; i<vec.size(); ++i){
            sum += vec[i] * vec[i];
        }
        vec.clear();
        n = sum;
    }

    return n == 1;     
}

结果显示,上述程序无法通过所有的测试用例。

(2)

bool isHappy(int n) 
{
    unordered_map<int, bool> NumMap;
    while(true)
    {
        int sum = 0;
        while(n>0){
            sum += (n%10) * (n%10);
            n /= 10;                
        }
        if(1 == sum){
            return true;
        }else if (NumMap[sum]){
            return false;
        }else{
            NumMap[sum] = true;
            n = sum;
        }
    }

    return false;
 }  

该方法是使用一个关联容器来保存每次求和的结果,如果求和结果sum为1返回true,否则先判断map中是否已含有该求和数sum,若有说明n不是happy number,如果没有就将其加入map中,准备下一轮的求和。

3.参考解法

int digitSquareSum(int n)
{
   int sum = 0, tmp;
   while (n) {
       tmp = n % 10;
       sum += tmp * tmp;
       n /= 10;
   }
   return sum;
}

bool isHappy(int n) 
{
   int slow, fast;
   slow = fast = n;
   do {
       slow = digitSquareSum(slow);
       fast = digitSquareSum(fast);
       fast = digitSquareSum(fast);
   } while(slow != fast);
   if (slow == 1) return 1;
   else return 0;
}

该解法利用了双指针法,由于在对一个正整数不断地进行分解求平方和的过程中,如果n不是happy number,则结果必然会回到原始数字,例如n=42,42->20->4->16->37->58->89->145->42。

4.总结
自己最初把题意给曲解了,结果就导致程序没有通过测试。看了别人的解法和讨论后才发现,题目本意是无论是不是单个数字的整数,都要对数字求平方和,能得到结果为1就为happy number,否则其他的整数进行拆解求和始终会得到初始值。这些非happy number得到的结果让人很困惑,怎么它们最终会计算到原始的值而形成一个环呢?后来想了想,只能以这是个数学规律来解释了,而且这道题的标签是”Math”和”HashTable”。

PS:

  • 题目的中文翻译是本人所作,如有偏差敬请指正。
  • 其中的“个人分析”和“个人解法”均是本人最初的想法和做法,不一定是对的,只是作为一个对照和记录。
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(Telephone Number Word Generator) Standard telephone keypads contain the digits 0 through 9. The numbers 2 through 9 each have three letters associated with them, as is indicated by the following table: Many people find it difficult to memorize phone numbers, so they use the correspondence between digits and letters to develop seven-letter words that correspond to their phone numbers. For example, a person whose telephone number is 686-2377 might use the correspondence indi- cated in the above table to develop the seven-letter word “NUMBERS.” Businesses frequently attempt to get telephone numbers that are easy for their clients to remember. If a business can advertise a simple word for its customers to dial, then no doubt the business will receive a few more calls. Each seven-letter word corresponds to exactly one seven-digit telephone number. The restaurant wishing to increase its take-home business could surely do so with the number 825-3688 (i.e., “TAKEOUT”). Each seven-digit phone number corresponds to many separate seven-letter words. Unfortunately, most of these represent unrecognizable juxtaposi- tions of letters. It’s possible, however, that the owner of a barber shop would be pleased to know that the shop’s telephone number, 424-7288, corresponds to “HAIRCUT.” A veterinarian with the phone number 738-2273 would be happy to know that the number corresponds to “PETCARE.” Write a program that, given a seven-digit number, writes to a file every possible seven-letter word corresponding to that number. There are 2187 (3 to the seventh power) such words. Avoid phone numbers with the digits 0 and 1.
最新发布
06-09

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