opencv3/C++图像像素操作

RGB图像转灰度图

RGB图像转换为灰度图时通常使用：
$\ Gray = R×0.299 + G×0.587 + B×0.114$
进行转换，以下尝试通过其他对图像像素操作的方式将RGB图像转换为灰度图像。

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<math.h>
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    //像素操作
    Mat src,dst;
    src = imread("E:/image/image/daibola.jpg");
    if(src.empty())
    {
        printf("can not load image \n");
        return -1;
    }

    namedWindow("input");
    imshow("input",src);

    dst.create(src.size(), src.type());

    for(int row = 0; row < src.rows; row++)
    {
        for(int col = 0; col < src.cols; col++)
        {
            int b = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0];
            int g = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1];
            int r = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2];
            dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = max(r,max(g,b));
            dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = max(r,max(g,b));
            dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = max(r,max(g,b));

        }
    }

    namedWindow("output");
    imshow("output",dst);
    waitKey();

}

同理使用min(r,min(g,b))可以看到由于选择了较小的灰度值图像会明显变暗：

图像线性增强

通过对图像像素操作（线性变换），实现图像的线性增强。

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<math.h>
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    Mat src1, dst;
    src1 = imread("E:/image/image/im1.jpg");
    if(src1.empty())
    {
        printf("can not load im1 \n");
        return -1;
    }
    double alpha = 1.2, beta = 50;
    dst = Mat::zeros(src1.size(), src1.type());
    for(int row = 0; row < src1.rows; row++)
    {
        for(int col = 0; col < src1.cols; col++)
        {
            if(src1.channels() == 3)
            {
                int b = src1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0]; 
                int g = src1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1]; 
                int r = src1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2]; 

                dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = saturate_cast<uchar>(b*alpha + beta); 
                dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = saturate_cast<uchar>(g*alpha + beta); 
                dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = saturate_cast<uchar>(r*alpha + beta); 
            }
            else if (src1.channels() == 1)
            {
                float v = src1.at<uchar>(row, col); 
                dst.at<uchar>(row, col) = saturate_cast<uchar>(v*alpha + beta);
            }
        }
    }

    namedWindow("output",CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("output", dst);
    waitKey();
    return 0;
}

掩膜操作调整图像对比度

使用一个3×3掩模增强图像对比度：

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<math.h>
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    Mat src, dst;
    src = imread("E:/image/image/daibola.jpg");
    CV_Assert(src.depth() == CV_8U);
    if(!src.data)
    {
        printf("can not load image \n");
        return -1;
    }

    src.copyTo(dst);
    for(int row = 1; row<(src.rows - 1); row++)
    {
        const uchar* previous = src.ptr<uchar>(row - 1);
        const uchar* current = src.ptr<uchar>(row);
        const uchar* next = src.ptr<uchar>(row + 1);
        uchar* output = dst.ptr<uchar>(row);
        for(int col = src.channels(); col < (src.cols - 1)*src.channels(); col++)
        {
            *output = saturate_cast<uchar>(9 * current[col] - 2*previous[col] - 2*next[col] - 2*current[col - src.channels()] - 2*current[col + src.channels()]);
            output++;
        }
    }

    namedWindow("image", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("image",dst);
    waitKey();
    return 0;
}

像素重映射

利用cv::remap实现像素重映射；
cv::remap参数说明：

Remap(
InputArray src,// 输入图像
OutputArray dst,// 输出图像
InputArray  map1,// 映射表1（CV_32FC1/CV_32FC2）
InputArray map2,// 映射表2（CV_32FC1/CV_32FC2）
int interpolation,// 选择的插值
int borderMode,// 边界类型（BORDER_CONSTANT）
const Scalar borderValue// 颜色 
)

插值方法：
CV_INTER_NN =0,
CV_INTER_LINEAR =1,
CV_INTER_CUBIC =2,
CV_INTER_AREA =3,
CV_INTER_LANCZOS4 =4

通过像素重映射实现图像垂直翻转：

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    Mat src,dst;
    src = imread("E:/image/image/daibola.jpg");
    if(src.empty())
    {
        printf("can not load image \n");
        return -1;
    }
    namedWindow("input", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("input", src);
    Mat mapx,mapy;
    mapx.create(src.size(), CV_32FC1);
    mapy.create(src.size(), CV_32FC1);
    for(int row = 0; row < src.rows; row++)
    {
        for(int col = 0; col < src.cols; col++)
        {
            mapx.at<float>(row, col) = col;
            mapy.at<float>(row, col) = src.rows - row - 1;
        }
    }
    remap(src, dst, mapx, mapy, CV_INTER_NN, BORDER_CONSTANT, Scalar(0,255,255));

    namedWindow("output", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("output",dst);
    waitKey();
    return 0;
}