WebWork的强大的验证器

webwork提供了强大的验证功能，下边一一介绍一些常用的功能的用法。
一，首先webwork的validator是基于拦截器的，所以首先要配制一下拦截器，默认的拦截器，已经
使用了validator，如果你想定义自己的拦截器组合，记得在你的拦截器的stack中把这句话加入

< interceptor - ref name = " validation " >
     < param name = " excludeMethods " >
        input,back,cancel,browse
     </ param >
</ interceptor - ref >

二、是否使用自定义Validator：在一般情况下webwork提供的Validator已经能应付大多数问题，
但是如果你想自己定义，那么记得注册你的验证器(Validator)，一个简单的注册办法是
添加一个文件名为 validators.xml 的文件在你的classpath (/WEB-INF/classes) 的根目录下
文件中的内容类似如下：

< validators >
     < validator name = " required "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator " />
     < validator name = " requiredstring "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator " />
     < validator name = " int "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator " />
     < validator name = " double "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator " />
     < validator name = " date "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator " />
     < validator name = " expression "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator " />
     < validator name = " fieldexpression "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator " />
     < validator name = " email "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.EmailValidator " />
     < validator name = " url "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.URLValidator " />
     < validator name = " visitor "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator " />
     < validator name = " conversion "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator " />
     < validator name = " stringlength "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator " />
     < validator name = " regex "   class = " com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator " />
</ validators >

注意：
1，validators.xml如果已经定义了,那么它应该在classpath中可以找到.然而如果不需要自定义的校验器,那么这不是必须的.WebWork会自动从发布包里的
xwork jar文件中取得一个事先定义好的校验器集合(com/opensymphony/xwork/validator/validators/default.xml).
浏览ValidatorFactory的static块来了解详细信息
2，如果自定义的校验器被定义了而且创建了一个validators.xml文件并放在classpath中,
记得复制所有其他你需要的预定义的校验器到validators.xml里,如果你不需要注册则不需要.
一旦validators.xml在classpath里被检测到,缺省的 (com/opensymphony/xwork/validator/validators/default.xml)
就不会被装载了.只有没发现自定义 validators.xml的时候才会装载.要小心.这点类似Java中的缺省构造函数

三、定义校验规则
<! DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC  " -//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN "
        " http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd " >
< validators >
     < field name = " name " >
         <!-- 必添 -->
         < field - validator type = " requiredstring " >
             <!-- 是否使用trim -->
             < param name = " trim " > true </ param >
             <!-- 提示的错误信息 -->
             < message > You must enter a name </ message >
         </ field - validator >
     </ field >
     < field name = " currDate " >
         < field - validator type = " date " >
             <!-- 最小时间 -->
             < param name = " min " > 01 / 01 / 2007 </ param >
             <!-- 最大时间 -->
             < param name = " max " > 02 / 28 / 2007 </ param >
             <!-- 提示的错误信息 -->
             < message >
                The date must be between  01 - 01 - 2007  and  02 - 28 - 2007 .
             </ message >
         </ field - validator >
     </ field >
     < field name = " url " >
         <!-- short - circuit是否短路检验，类似 && 运算的短路算法 -->
         < field - validator type = " required "   short - circuit = " true " >
             <!-- 提示的错误信息 -->
             < message > You must enter a value  for  url. </ message >
         </ field - validator >
         <!-- webwork提供的url验证 -->
         < field - validator type = " url "   short - circuit = " true " >
             <!-- 提示的错误信息 -->
             < message > Not a valid url. </ message >
         </ field - validator >
     </ field >
     < field name = " mail " >
         < field - validator type = " required " >
             < message > You must enter a value  for  邮件. </ message >
         </ field - validator >
         <!-- mail的验证，验证器由webwork提供 -->
         < field - validator type = " email " >
             < message > Not a valid 邮件. </ message >
         </ field - validator >
     </ field >
     < field name = " age " >
         < field - validator type = " int " >
             <!-- 同样的最大最小值 -->
             < param name = " min " > 1 </ param >
             < param name = " max " > 200 </ param >
             < message >
                 <!-- 注意这里，msn中可以用表达式取出值栈中的值例如$ {min} -->
                Only people ages $ {min}  to $ {max}  may be  true ,otherwise
                you are a ghost
             </ message >
         </ field - validator >
     </ field >
     < field name = " desc " >
         < field - validator type = " requiredstring " >
             < param name = " trim " > true </ param >
             < message > You must enter a desc </ message >
         </ field - validator >
         < field - validator type = " stringlength " >
             < param name = " minLength " > 1 </ param >
             < param name = " maxLength " > 10 </ param >
             <!-- 从属性文件中取出my.key显示，如果取不到my.key就显示
            You must enter a desc length = 10 (my.key) -->
             < message key = " my.key " >
                You must enter a desc length = 10 (my.key)
             </ message >
         </ field - validator >
         <!-- 可以使用正则表达式 -->
         < field - validator type = " regex " >
             < param name = " expression " >
                 <! [CDATA[([a - z][ 0 - 9 ][A - Z][x])]] >
             </ param >
             <!-- message可以由固定的字符串，值栈中的值$ {desc} 以及通过调用方法取到的
            属性文件中的值$ {getText('my.key')} -->
             < message >
                 " regex error ${getText('my.key')} ${desc} "
             </ message >
         </ field - validator >
     </ field >
     <!-- 上边的验证叫字段验证，下边这些验证叫普通验证，普通验证是优于字段验证的。
    在使用短路的时候要小心 -->
     <!-- 上边那些都是基于字段的验证，这个是基于Action的验证
    如果要在页面显示这些消息，需要加入 < ww:actionError />
     -->
     < validator type = " expression " >
         <!-- 可以基于表达式的验证name.equals(desc) -->
         < param name = " expression " > name.equals(desc) </ param >
         < message > name not the same as desc </ message >
     </ validator >
     <!--  Plain Validator  2   -->
     <!-- 可以基于表达式的验证mail.startsWith( ' mark ' ) -->
     < validator type = " expression "   short - circuit = " true " >
         < param name = " expression " > mail.startsWith( ' mark ' ) </ param >
         < message > Email does not start with mark </ message >
     </ validator >
</ validators >

 

四、客户端验证
加入validate="true"
<ww:form name="test" action="javascriptValidation" validate="true">
  ...
</ww:form>
这样的话webwork会根据你的服务器端的验证，对应生成javaScript的验证，而且提示信息和服务器端
验证的方式一样，而不是alert的方式显示。（前题是你使用的都是标准的验证器）
五、
对应上边验证器的web页面

<% @page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 "  pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " ww "  uri = " /webwork " %>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC  " -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN "   " http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd " >
< html >
     < head >
         < title ></ title >
         < ww:head  />
     </ head >
     < body >
         <!--   
        如果想统一的显示所有的Erro打开下边这句
         < ww:fielderror  />
        如果想显示其中一个Error打开下边这句，默认显示在字段的正上方
         < ww:fielderror >
             < ww:param value = " %{'name'} "   />
         </ ww:fielderror >
         < ww:fielderror >
             < ww:param > desc </ ww:param >
         </ ww:fielderror >
          -->
         < ww:form name = " test "  namespace = " / "  action = " DbAdmin "  method = " post "  validate = " true " >
             < ww:actionmessage  />
             < ww:actionerror />
             < ww:textfield label = " name "  name = " name "   />
             < ww:date id = " strCurrDate "  name = " currDate "  format = " yyyy-MM-dd "   />
             < ww:datepicker name = " currDate "  id = " currDate "  showstime = " true "
                format = " %Y-%m-%e %H:%M "  cssClass = " tx "  language = " zh "  required = " true "
                template = " datepicker.ftl "  label = " currDate "  value = " %{strCurrDate} "   >
             </ ww:datepicker >
             < ww:textfield label = " url "  name = " url "   />
             < ww:textfield label = " mail "  name = " mail "   />
             < ww:textfield label = " age "  name = " age "   />
             < ww:textfield label = " desc "  name = " desc "   />
             < ww:submit action = " DbAdmin "  method = " doTestValidator "
                value = " doTestValidator "   />
         </ ww:form >
     </ body >
</ html >

六、对应上边的Action代码
package  niis.web.actions.temp;

import  java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import  java.util.Date;

import  niis.persistence.ITestDao;
import  niis.persistence.dao.SqlCommand;
import  niis.web.actions.AbstractAction;

public   class  DbAdminAction  {
    private String name;
    private Date currDate ;
    private String url;
    private String mail;
    private int age;
    private String desc;
    
    public String doTestValidator(){
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(currDate);
        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(mail);
        System.out.println(age);
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @return the age
     */
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @param age the age to set
     */
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @return the date
     */
    public Date getCurrDate() {
        return currDate;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @param date the date to set
     */
    public void setCurrDate(Date date) {
        this.currDate = date;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @return the mail
     */
    public String getMail() {
        return mail;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @param mail the mail to set
     */
    public void setMail(String mail) {
        this.mail = mail;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @return the name
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @param name the name to set
     */
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @return the url
     */
    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @param url the url to set
     */
    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @return the testDao
     */
    public ITestDao getTestDao() {
        return testDao;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @return the desc
     */
    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }
    /** *//**
     * @param desc the desc to set
     */
    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        this.desc = desc;
    }
}

七、简单提示：属性文件的名字类名+properties，validator配制文件的名字类名+validation.xml
(还有其它的组合方式)
例如对应的DbAdminAction.java
DbAdminAction-validation.xml
DbAdminAction.properties
注意
许多WebWork 标签的 required 属性和客户端校验没有什么关系. 它只是在某个theme(例如xhtml)中用来在一个标识为必填的字段周围放置一个'*'.

八、上边程序的示例代码(从eclipse导出的工程)
http://www.blogjava.net/Files/dreamstone/vl.rar