Python错误、调试

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-08 20:27:53 发布

alexpr0113

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-08 20:27:53 发布

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文章标签： python 操作系统

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/Msh0923/p/8127803.html

版权

1.错误处理

使用try except finally

try:
    i = 10/0
except ZeroDivisionError, e:
    print "ZeroDivisionError", e
finally:
    print "Finally"

ZeroDivisionError integer division or modulo by zero
Finally

错误类型（含warning）

BaseException
 +-- SystemExit
 +-- KeyboardInterrupt
 +-- GeneratorExit
 +-- Exception
      +-- StopIteration
      +-- StandardError
      |    +-- BufferError
      |    +-- ArithmeticError
      |    |    +-- FloatingPointError
      |    |    +-- OverflowError
      |    |    +-- ZeroDivisionError
      |    +-- AssertionError
      |    +-- AttributeError
      |    +-- EnvironmentError
      |    |    +-- IOError
      |    |    +-- OSError
      |    |         +-- WindowsError (Windows)
      |    |         +-- VMSError (VMS)
      |    +-- EOFError
      |    +-- ImportError
      |    +-- LookupError
      |    |    +-- IndexError
      |    |    +-- KeyError
      |    +-- MemoryError
      |    +-- NameError
      |    |    +-- UnboundLocalError
      |    +-- ReferenceError
      |    +-- RuntimeError
      |    |    +-- NotImplementedError
      |    +-- SyntaxError
      |    |    +-- IndentationError
      |    |         +-- TabError
      |    +-- SystemError
      |    +-- TypeError
      |    +-- ValueError
      |         +-- UnicodeError
      |              +-- UnicodeDecodeError
      |              +-- UnicodeEncodeError
      |              +-- UnicodeTranslateError
      +-- Warning
           +-- DeprecationWarning
           +-- PendingDeprecationWarning
           +-- RuntimeWarning
           +-- SyntaxWarning
           +-- UserWarning
           +-- FutureWarning
       +-- ImportWarning
       +-- UnicodeWarning
       +-- BytesWarning

logging模块记录错误信息

import logging

def Test(i):
    try:
        j = 10/i
    except StandardError, e:
        print "standardError"
        logging.exception(e)
    print "Test"


Test(0)
print "End"

standardError
ERROR:root:integer division or modulo by zero
Test
End
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/PyProject/test2.py", line 9, in Test
    j = 10/i
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

自定义错误类型继承内置错误类型

class FooError(StandardError):
    pass


def foo(s):
    n = int(s)
    if n == 0:
        raise FooError("value is %s" % s)


foo("0")

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/PyProject/test2.py", line 18, in <module>
    foo("0")
  File "F:/PyProject/test2.py", line 15, in foo
    raise FooError("value is %s" % s)
__main__.FooError: value is 0

另可以在except中捕获错误之后使用 raise 将错误抛给顶层调用者去处理

2.调试

assert 断言

def foo(n):
    i = int(n)
    assert i != 0, "catch assert"
    return i


a = foo("0")
print a

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/PyProject/test2.py", line 13, in <module>
    a = foo("0")
  File "F:/PyProject/test2.py", line 10, in foo
    assert i != 0, "catch assert"
AssertionError: catch assert

相当于 if i != 0 为True 继续执行反之抛出 AssertionError并中断运行

关闭assert方法是在python 解释器中加参数 -O 来将python编译成pyo文件

logging不会抛出错误但是会打日志默认logging级别是WARNING 通过logging.basicConfig(level=logging.日志等级)修改默认值

logging模块将日志打印到了标准输出中，且只显示了大于等于设定级别的日志（日志级别等级CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG >NOTSET)

默认格式为 Logger:输出内容

启动Python的调试器pdb，让程序以单步方式运行，可以随时查看运行状态

以参数-m pdb启动程序后，pdb定位到下一步要执行的代码。输入命令l来查看代码。任何时候都可以输入命令p 变量名来查看变量。

pdb.set_trace() 这个方法也是用pdb，但是不需要单步执行，我们只需要import pdb，然后，在可能出错的地方放一个pdb.set_trace()，就可以设置一个断点,行代码，程序会自动在pdb.set_trace()暂停并进入pdb调试环境，可以用命令p查看变量，或者用命令c继续运行

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Msh0923/p/8127803.html