1.在pycharm中新建project demo1 添加app01 点击create按钮完成新建
2.在demo项目目录下新建目录static,并在settings.py中追加代码:
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STATICFILES_DIRS
=
(os.path.join(BASE_DIR,
'static'
),)
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3.在setting.py中添加模板路径:
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TEMPLATES
=
[
{
'BACKEND'
:
'...'
,
'DIRS'
: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,
'templates'
),],
'APP_DIRS'
: ...,
'OPTIONS'
: {
'context_processors'
: [
...
],
},
},
]
|
4.学员管理系统数据库设计:
在app01/model.py目录下建立 班级、老师、学生 、老师与班级关联表 四张表:
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from
django.db
import
models
# Create your models here.
class
Classes(models.Model):
'''
班级表
'''
title
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
a
=
models.ManyToManyField(
'Teachers'
)
class
Teachers(models.Model):
'''
老师表
'''
name
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
class
Students(models.Model):
username
=
models.CharField(max_length
=
32
)
age
=
models.IntegerField()
gender
=
models.BooleanField()
cs
=
models.ForeignKey(Classes,on_delete
=
models.CASCADE)
|
在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令:
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python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
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至此生成了四张数据表,可以在pycharm中,点开右上角的Database面板,然后将项目中templates目录下边的db.sqlite3鼠标拖拽到Database面板下,对新创建的数据表进行查看。
5.学员管理系统之班级管理:
为了方便分别操作班级、老师、学生相关的业务,将app01目录下的views.py 删掉,在app01目录下新建目录views,并在views目录下 新建classes.py teachers.py students.py。
1.在classes.py 中写 get_classes add_classes del_classes edit_classes四个函数,完成对 班级数据 的增删改查:
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from
django.shortcuts
import
render,redirect
from
app01
import
models
def
get_classes(request):
cls_list
=
models.Classes.objects.
all
()
return
render(request,
'get_classes.html'
,{
'cls_list'
:cls_list})
def
add_classes(request):
if
request.method
=
=
'GET'
:
return
render(request,
'add_classes.html'
)
elif
request.method
=
=
'POST'
:
title
=
request.POST.get(
'title'
,'')
models.Classes.objects.create(title
=
title)
return
redirect(
'/classes.html'
)
def
del_classes(request):
nid
=
request.GET.get(
'nid'
,'')
models.Classes.objects.
filter
(
id
=
nid).delete()
return
redirect(
'/classes.html'
)
def
edit_classes(request):
if
request.method
=
=
"GET"
:
nid
=
request.GET.get(
'nid'
, '')
obj
=
models.Classes.objects.get(
id
=
nid)
return
render(request,
'edit_classes.html'
,{
'obj'
:obj})
elif
request.method
=
=
"POST"
:
nid
=
request.POST.get(
'nid'
,'')
title
=
request.POST.get(
'xxoo'
,'')
models.Classes.objects.
filter
(
id
=
nid).update(title
=
title)
return
redirect(
'/classes.html'
)
|
2.在urls.py 中配置url路由:
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from
django.contrib
import
admin
from
django.urls
import
path
from
app01.views
import
classes,students,teachers
urlpatterns
=
[
path(
'admin/'
, admin.site.urls),
path(
'classes.html'
, classes.get_classes),
path(
'add_classes.html'
, classes.add_classes),
path(
'del_classes.html'
, classes.del_classes),
path(
'edit_classes.html'
, classes.edit_classes),
# path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
# path('students.html', students.get_studernts),
]
|
3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:
get_classes.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
style
>
tr td{ border:1px solid #000;text-align:center;}
</
style
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
div
>
<
table
width="300">
<
thead
>
<
tr
>
<
th
>ID</
th
> <
th
>名称</
th
> <
th
>操作</
th
>
</
tr
>
</
thead
>
<
tbody
>
{% for row in cls_list %}
<
tr
>
<
td
>{{ row.id }}</
td
>
<
td
>{{ row.title }}</
td
>
<
td
><
a
href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</
a
>
|<
a
href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</
a
>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
{% endfor %}
</
tbody
>
</
table
>
</
div
>
<
div
><
a
href="/add_classes.html">添加</
a
> </
div
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
add_classes.html
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<!
DOCTYPE
html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
form
action="/add_classes.html" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<
input
type="text" name="title">
<
input
type="submit" value="提交">
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
edit_classes.html
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<!
DOCTYPE
html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
form
method="post" action="/edit_classes.html">
{% csrf_token %}
<
input
type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}">
<
input
type="text" name="xxoo" value="{{ obj.title }}">
<
input
type="submit" value="提交">
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
6.学员管理系统之学员管理:
1.在students.py 中写 get_students add_students del_students edit_students 四个函数,完成对 学生数据 的增删改查:
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from
django.shortcuts
import
render,redirect
from
app01
import
models
def
get_students(request):
stu_list
=
models.Students.objects.
all
()
return
render(request,
'get_students.html'
,{
'stu_list'
:stu_list})
def
add_students(request):
if
request.method
=
=
'GET'
:
cs_list
=
models.Classes.objects.
all
()
return
render(request,
'add_students.html'
,{
'cs_list'
:cs_list})
elif
request.method
=
=
'POST'
:
u
=
request.POST.get(
'username'
,'')
a
=
request.POST.get(
'age'
,'')
g
=
request.POST.get(
'gender'
,'')
c
=
request.POST.get(
'cs'
,'')
models.Students.objects.create(
username
=
u,
age
=
a,
gender
=
g,
cs_id
=
c
)
return
redirect(
'/students.html'
)
def
del_students(request):
nid
=
request.GET.get(
'nid'
, '')
models.Students.objects.
filter
(
id
=
nid).delete()
return
redirect(
'/students.html'
)
def
edit_students(request):
if
request.method
=
=
"GET"
:
nid
=
request.GET.get(
'nid'
, '')
obj
=
models.Students.objects.get(
id
=
nid)
cs_list
=
models.Classes.objects.
all
()
return
render(request,
'edit_students.html'
,{
'obj'
:obj,
'cs_list'
:cs_list})
elif
request.method
=
=
"POST"
:
nid
=
request.POST.get(
'nid'
,'')
u
=
request.POST.get(
'username'
, '')
a
=
request.POST.get(
'age'
, '')
g
=
request.POST.get(
'gender'
, '')
c
=
request.POST.get(
'cs'
, '')
models.Students.objects.
filter
(
id
=
nid).update(
username
=
u,
age
=
a,
gender
=
g,
cs_id
=
c)
return
redirect(
'/students.html'
)
|
2.在urls.py 中配置url路由:
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from
django.contrib
import
admin
from
django.urls
import
path
from
app01.views
import
classes,students,teachers
urlpatterns
=
[
path(
'admin/'
, admin.site.urls),
path(
'classes.html'
, classes.get_classes),
path(
'add_classes.html'
, classes.add_classes),
path(
'del_classes.html'
, classes.del_classes),
path(
'edit_classes.html'
, classes.edit_classes),
path(
'students.html'
, students.get_students),
path(
'add_students.html'
, students.add_students),
path(
'del_students.html'
, students.del_students),
path(
'edit_students.html'
, students.edit_students),
# path('teachers.html', teachers.get_teachers),
]
|
3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:
get_students.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang
=
"en"
>
<head>
<style>
tr td{ border:
1px
solid
#000;text-align:center;}
<
/
style>
<meta charset
=
"UTF-8"
>
<title>Title<
/
title>
<
/
head>
<body>
<div>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
ID
<
/
th>
<th>姓名<
/
th>
<th>年龄<
/
th>
<th>性别<
/
th>
<th>班级<
/
th>
<th>操作<
/
th>
<
/
tr>
<
/
thead>
<tbody>
{
%
for
row
in
stu_list
%
}
<tr>
<td>{{ row.
id
}}<
/
td>
<td>{{ row.username }}<
/
td>
<td>{{ row.age }}<
/
td>
<td>{{ row.gender }}<
/
td>
<td>{{ row.cs.title }}<
/
td>
<td><a href
=
"/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}"
>删除<
/
a>
|<a href
=
"/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}"
>编辑<
/
a>
<
/
td>
<
/
tr>
{
%
endfor
%
}
<
/
tbody>
<
/
table>
<
/
div>
<div><a href
=
"/add_students.html"
>添加<
/
a> <
/
div>
<
/
body>
<
/
html>
|
add_students
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<!
DOCTYPE
html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h1
>添加用户</
h1
>
<
form
method="post" action="/add_students.html">
{% csrf_token %}
<
p
><
input
type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名"></
p
>
<
p
><
input
type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"></
p
>
<
p
>
男<
input
type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
女<
input
type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
</
p
>
<
p
>
<
select
name="cs">
{% for row in cs_list %}
<
option
value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</
option
>
{% endfor %}
</
select
>
</
p
>
<
p
><
input
type="submit" value="提交"></
p
>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
edit_students.html
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<!
DOCTYPE
html>
<
html
lang="en">
<
head
>
<
meta
charset="UTF-8">
<
title
>Title</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h1
>编辑用户</
h1
>
<
form
method="post" action="/edit_students.html">
{% csrf_token %}
<
input
type="hidden" name="nid" value="{{ obj.id }}">
<
p
><
input
type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名"></
p
>
<
p
><
input
type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"></
p
>
<
p
>
男<
input
type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
女<
input
type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
</
p
>
<
p
>
<
select
name="cs">
{% for row in cs_list %}
<
option
value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</
option
>
{% endfor %}
</
select
>
</
p
>
<
p
><
input
type="submit" value="提交"></
p
>
</
form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
7.学员管理系统之给班级分配老师:
在teachers数据表中增加一些老师信息:
在pycharm右上角的Database打开面板,然后将template目录下边的db.splte3鼠标拖入到Database面板中,打开db==》app01_teachers表
点击“+”,然后填入老师信息,然后点击有“DB”标志的向上箭头,进行数据保存。
1.在classes.py中增加set_teachers函数
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def
set_teachers(request):
if
request.method
=
=
'GET'
:
nid
=
request.GET.get(
'nid'
,'')
cls_obj
=
models.Classes.objects.get(
id
=
nid)
cls_teacher_list
=
cls_obj.a.
all
()
all_teacher_list
=
models.Teachers.objects.
all
()
return
render(request,
'set_teachers.html'
,{
'cls_teacher_list'
:cls_teacher_list,
'all_teacher_list'
:all_teacher_list,
'nid'
:nid,
})
elif
request.method
=
=
'POST'
:
nid
=
request.POST.get(
'nid'
, '')
ids_str
=
request.POST.getlist(
'teacher_id'
,'')
ids_int
=
[]
for
i
in
ids_str:
i
=
int
(i)
ids_int.append(i)
obj
=
models.Classes.objects.get(
id
=
nid)
obj.a.
set
(ids_int)
return
redirect(
'/classes.html'
)
|
2.在urls.py 中配置url路由:
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from
django.contrib
import
admin
from
django.urls
import
path
from
app01.views
import
classes,students,teachers
urlpatterns
=
[
path(
'admin/'
, admin.site.urls),
path(
'classes.html'
, classes.get_classes),
path(
'add_classes.html'
, classes.add_classes),
path(
'del_classes.html'
, classes.del_classes),
path(
'edit_classes.html'
, classes.edit_classes),
path(
'students.html'
, students.get_students),
path(
'add_students.html'
, students.add_students),
path(
'del_students.html'
, students.del_students),
path(
'edit_students.html'
, students.edit_students),
path(
'set_teachers.html'
, classes.set_teachers),
]
|
3.在template目录下建立所需的html页面文件:
set_teachers.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang
=
"en"
>
<head>
<meta charset
=
"UTF-8"
>
<title>Title<
/
title>
<
/
head>
<body>
<form action
=
"/set_teachers.html"
method
=
"post"
>
<
input
type
=
"hidden"
name
=
"nid"
value
=
"{{ nid }}"
>
{
%
csrf_token
%
}
<select multiple size
=
"10"
name
=
"teacher_id"
>
{
%
for
item
in
all_teacher_list
%
}
{
%
if
item
in
cls_teacher_list
%
}
<option value
=
"{{ item.id }}"
selected
=
"selected"
>{{ item.name }}<
/
option>
{
%
else
%
}
<option value
=
"{{ item.id }}"
>{{ item.name }}<
/
option>
{
%
endif
%
}
{
%
endfor
%
}
<
/
select>
<
input
type
=
"submit"
value
=
"提交"
>
<
/
form>
<
/
body>
<
/
html>
|
对get_classes.html进行增添修改为:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>名称</th> <th>任课老师</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in cls_list %} <tr> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.title }}</td> <td> {% for item in row.a.all %} <span>{{ item.name }}</span> {% endfor %} </td> <td><a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a> |<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a> |<a href="/set_teachers.html?nid={{ row.id }}">分配老师</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </div> <div><a href="/add_classes.html">添加</a> </div> </body> </html>
8.初识Ajax
Ajax是异步传输方式,偷偷的向后台发请求,不引起页面刷新,下面通过一个小例子来认识Ajax这种数据传输方式。
首先下载jQuery导入项目下的static目录下
1.在app01/Views目录下新建ajax.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse def ajax1(request): return render(request,'ajax1.html') def ajax2(request): u=request.GET.get('username') p=request.GET.get('password') return HttpResponse('我愿意')
2.在urls.py中配置相关路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers), path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1), path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2), ]
3.在template目录下新建ajax1.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .btn{ display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px; background-color: coral; color: white; cursor: pointer; } </style> </head> <body> <div> <input placeholder="用户名" type="text" id="username"> <input placeholder="密码" type="password" id="password"> <div class="btn" onclick="submitForm();">提交</div> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script> <script> function submitForm() { var u=$('#username').val(); var p=$('#password').val(); $.ajax({ url:'ajax2.html', type:'GET', data:{username:u,password:p}, success:function (arg) { //回调函数 arg是服务器返回的字符串 console.log(arg) } }) } </script> </body> </html>
9.学员管理系统之Ajax删除学员:
1.在ajax.py中增加ajax4函数
from app01 import models def ajax4(request): nid=request.GET.get('nid') msg='成功' try: models.Students.objects.get(id=nid).delete() except Exception as e: msg=str(e) return HttpResponse(msg)
2.在urls.py中配置相关路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from app01.views import classes,students,teachers,ajax urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('classes.html', classes.get_classes), path('add_classes.html', classes.add_classes), path('del_classes.html', classes.del_classes), path('edit_classes.html', classes.edit_classes), path('students.html', students.get_students), path('add_students.html', students.add_students), path('del_students.html', students.del_students), path('edit_students.html', students.edit_students), path('set_teachers.html', classes.set_teachers), path('ajax1.html', ajax.ajax1), path('ajax2.html', ajax.ajax2), path('ajax4.html', ajax.ajax4), ]
3.对get_students.html进行添加修改:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>性别</th> <th>班级</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in stu_list %} <tr nid="{{ row.id }}"> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.username }}</td> <td>{{ row.age }}</td> <td>{{ row.gender }}</td> <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td> <td><a href="/del_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a> |<a onclick="removeStudent(this);" href="#">Ajax删除</a> |<a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </div> <div><a href="/add_students.html">添加</a> </div> </body> <script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script> <script> function removeStudent(ths) { var nid=$(ths).parent().parent().attr('nid'); $.ajax({ url:'/ajax4.html', type:'GET', data:{nid:nid}, success:function (arg) { if (arg=='成功'){ window.location.reload(); }else{ alert(arg); } } }) } </script> </html>