ping的实现（原始套接字系列三）

使用Raw Socket实现Ping

　　仅仅采用ICMP.DLL并不能完全实现ICMP灵活多变的各类报文，只有使用Raw Socket才是ICMP的终极解决之道。

　　使用Raw Socket发送ICMP报文前，我们要完全依靠自己的代码组装报文：

//功能：初始化ICMP的报头, 给data部分填充数据, 计算校验和 void init_ping_packet(ICMPHeader *icmp_hdr, int packet_size, int seq_no) { 　//设置ICMP报头字段 　icmp_hdr->type = ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST; 　icmp_hdr->code = 0; 　icmp_hdr->checksum = 0; 　icmp_hdr->id = (unsigned short)GetCurrentProcessId(); 　icmp_hdr->seq = seq_no; 　icmp_hdr->timestamp = GetTickCount(); 　// 填充data域 　const unsigned long int deadmeat = 0xDEADBEEF; 　char *datapart = (char*)icmp_hdr + sizeof(ICMPHeader); 　int bytes_left = packet_size - sizeof(ICMPHeader); 　while (bytes_left > 0) 　{ 　　memcpy(datapart, &deadmeat, min(int(sizeof(deadmeat)), bytes_left)); 　　bytes_left -= sizeof(deadmeat); 　　datapart += sizeof(deadmeat); 　} 　// 计算校验和 　icmp_hdr->checksum = ip_checksum((unsigned short*)icmp_hdr, packet_size); }

　　计算校验和（Checksum）的函数为：

//功能：计算ICMP包的校验和 unsigned short ip_checksum(unsigned short *buffer, int size) { 　unsigned long cksum = 0; 　// 将所有的16数相加 　while (size > 1) 　{ 　　cksum += *buffer++; 　　size -= sizeof(unsigned short); 　} 　if (size) //加上最后一个BYTE 　{ 　　cksum += *(unsigned char*)buffer; 　} 　//和的前16位和后16位相加 　cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum &0xffff); 　cksum += (cksum >> 16); 　return (unsigned short)(~cksum); }

　　在真正发送Ping报文前，需要先初始化Raw Socket：

// 功能：初始化RAW Socket, 设置ttl, 初始化目标地址 // 返回值：<0 失败 int setup_for_ping(char *host, int ttl, SOCKET &sd, sockaddr_in &dest) { 　// 创建原始套接字 　sd = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, 0, 0, 0); 　if (sd == INVALID_SOCKET) 　{ 　　cerr << "Failed to create raw socket: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl; 　　return - 1; 　} 　if (setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, (const char*) &ttl, sizeof(ttl)) ==SOCKET_ERROR) 　{ 　　cerr << "TTL setsockopt failed: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl; 　　return - 1; 　} 　// 初始化目标主机信息块 　memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); 　// 将第1个参数转换为目标IP地址 　unsigned int addr = inet_addr(host); 　if (addr != INADDR_NONE) 　{ 　　// 为IP地址 　　dest.sin_addr.s_addr = addr; 　　dest.sin_family = AF_INET; 　} 　else 　{ 　　// 非IP地址，进行主机名和IP地址的转换 　　hostent *hp = gethostbyname(host); 　　if (hp != 0) 　　{ 　　　// 查找主机名对应的IP地址 　　　memcpy(&(dest.sin_addr), hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); 　　　dest.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 　　} 　　else 　　{ 　　　// 不能识别的主机名 　　　cerr << "Failed to resolve " << host << endl; 　　　return - 1; 　　} 　} 　return 0; }

　　下面可以利用Raw Socket发送生成的ICMP报文：

//功能：发送生成的ICMP包 //返回值：<0 发送失败 int send_ping(SOCKET sd, const sockaddr_in &dest, ICMPHeader *send_buf, int packet_size) { 　// 发送send_buf缓冲区中的报文 　cout << "Sending " << packet_size << " bytes to " << inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr) 　<< "..." << flush; 　int bwrote = sendto(sd, (char*)send_buf, packet_size, 0, (sockaddr*) &dest,sizeof(dest)); 　if (bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR) 　{ 　　cerr << "send failed: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl; 　　return - 1; 　} 　else if (bwrote < packet_size) 　{ 　　cout << "sent " << bwrote << " bytes..." << flush; 　} 　return 0; }

　　发送Ping报文后，我们需要接收Ping回复ICMP报文：

//功能：接收Ping回复 //返回值： <0 接收失败 int recv_ping(SOCKET sd, sockaddr_in &source, IPHeader *recv_buf, int packet_size) { 　// 等待Ping回复 　int fromlen = sizeof(source); 　int bread = recvfrom(sd, (char*)recv_buf, packet_size + sizeof(IPHeader), 0,(sockaddr*) &source, &fromlen); 　if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR) 　{ 　　cerr << "read failed: "; 　　if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAEMSGSIZE) 　　{ 　　　cerr << "buffer too small" << endl; 　　} 　　else 　　{ 　　　cerr << "error #" << WSAGetLastError() << endl; 　　} 　　return - 1; 　} 　return 0; }

　　并使用如下函数对接收到的报文进行解析：

// 功能：解析接收到的ICMP报文 // 返回值： -2忽略, -1失败, 0 成功 int decode_reply(IPHeader *reply, int bytes, sockaddr_in *from) { 　// 偏移到ICMP报头 　unsigned short header_len = reply->h_len *4; 　ICMPHeader *icmphdr = (ICMPHeader*)((char*)reply + header_len); 　// 报文太短 　if (bytes < header_len + ICMP_MIN) 　{ 　　cerr << "too few bytes from " << inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr) << endl; 　　return - 1; 　} 　// 解析回复报文类型 　else if (icmphdr->type != ICMP_ECHO_REPLY) 　{ 　　//非正常回复 　　if (icmphdr->type != ICMP_TTL_EXPIRE) 　　{ 　　　//ttl减为零 　　　if (icmphdr->type == ICMP_DEST_UNREACH) 　　　{ 　　　　//主机不可达 　　　　cerr << "Destination unreachable" << endl; 　　　} 　　　else 　　　{ 　　　　//非法的ICMP包类型 　　　　cerr << "Unknown ICMP packet type " << int(icmphdr->type) <<" received" << endl; 　　　} 　　　return - 1; 　　} 　} 　else if (icmphdr->id != (unsigned short)GetCurrentProcessId()) 　{ 　　//不是本进程发的包, 可能是同机的其它ping进程发的 　　return - 2; 　} 　// 指出往返时间TTL 　int nHops = int(256-reply->ttl); 　if (nHops == 192) 　{ 　　// TTL came back 64, so ping was probably to a host on the 　　// LAN -- call it a single hop. 　　nHops = 1; 　} 　else if (nHops == 128) 　{ 　　// Probably localhost 　　nHops = 0; 　} 　// 输出信息 　cout << endl << bytes << " bytes from " << inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr) <<", icmp_seq " << icmphdr->seq << ", "; 　if (icmphdr->type == ICMP_TTL_EXPIRE) 　{ 　　cout << "TTL expired." << endl; 　} 　else 　{ 　　cout << nHops << " hop" << (nHops == 1 ? "" : "s"); 　　cout << ", time: " << (GetTickCount() - icmphdr->timestamp) << " ms." <<endl; 　} 　return 0; }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/happy-pm/p/3809457.html