1.数据需要selenium解析后才能呈现
# middlewares.py
from scrapy import signals
import scrapy
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import time
class ChromedriverMiddleware(object):
def process_request(self, request, spider):
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') # 使用无头谷歌浏览器模式
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
# 指定谷歌浏览器路径
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options,
executable_path='/root/zx/spider/driver/chromedriver')
if request.url != 'https://www.aqistudy.cn/historydata/':
self.driver.get(request.url)
time.sleep(1)
html = self.driver.page_source
self.driver.quit()
return scrapy.http.HtmlResponse(url=request.url, body=html.encode('utf-8'), encoding='utf-8',
request=request)
# setting.py
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'driver.middlewares.ChromedriverMiddleware': 543,
}
2.使用代理
# middlewares.py
from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
import base64
class ProxyMiddleware(object):
def process_request(self, request, spider):
# 全部请求都使用代理
PROXIES = [
{'ip_port': '111.11.228.75:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '120.198.243.22:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '111.8.60.9:8123', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '101.71.27.120:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '122.96.59.104:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '122.224.249.122:8088', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
]
proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
request.meta['proxy'] = to_bytes("http://%s" % proxy['ip_port'])
encoded_user_pass = base64.b64encode(to_bytes(proxy['user_pass']))
request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = to_bytes('Basic ' + encoded_user_pass)
else:
request.meta['proxy'] = to_bytes("http://%s" % proxy['ip_port'])
def process_exception(self, request, response, spider):
# 请求报错是执行代理
def process_request(self, request, spider):
PROXIES = [
{'ip_port': '111.11.228.75:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '120.198.243.22:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '111.8.60.9:8123', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '101.71.27.120:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '122.96.59.104:80', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
{'ip_port': '122.224.249.122:8088', 'user_pass': 'root@123456'},
]
proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
request.meta['proxy'] = to_bytes("http://%s" % proxy['ip_port'])
encoded_user_pass = base64.b64encode(to_bytes(proxy['user_pass']))
request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = to_bytes('Basic ' + encoded_user_pass)
else:
request.meta['proxy'] = to_bytes("http://%s" % proxy['ip_port'])
# setting.py
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'driver.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 543,
# 设置不参与scrapy的自动重试的动作 请求出错时才使用代理
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware': None
}
# 禁止重试
RETRY_ENABLED = False
# 下载超时
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 10
# 下载重试次数
RETRY_TIMES=5
# spider.py 在请求中使用代理
yield scrapy.FormRequest(self.start_url, method="POST", formdata=self.form_data,meta={'proxy':"http://59.44.247.194:9797"})