提到Android基于位置的服务，就不得不提android.location包，location包提供了很便捷的API来实现基于位置的服务。主要包括Geocoder和LocationManager。今天就先来介绍一下Geocoder。
Geocoder可以在街道地址和经纬度地图坐标之间进行转换。它提供了对两种地理编码功能的访问：
Forward Geocoding(前向地理编码)：查找某个地址的经纬度
Reverse Geocoding(反向地理编码)：查找一个给定的经纬度所对应的街道地址。
分别对应以下方法：
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01.List<Address> getFromLocationName(String locationName, int maxResults)
02.List<Address> getFromLocation(double latitude，double longitude，int maxResults);
List<Address> getFromLocationName(String locationName, int maxResults)
List<Address> getFromLocation(double latitude，double longitude，int maxResults);
我们新建一个location的项目。因为示例要使用到地图服务，所以创建时Build Target要选择Google APIs这一项。
然后修改/res/layout/main.xml，代码如下：
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01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
02.<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
03. android:orientation="vertical"
04. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
05. android:layout_height="fill_parent">
06. <com.google.android.maps.MapView
07. android:id="@+id/mapView"
08. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
09. android:layout_height="fill_parent"
10. android:clickable="true"
11. android:apiKey="your apiKey goes here"/>
12. <LinearLayout
13. android:layout_width="fill_parent"
14. android:layout_height="wrap_content">
15. <EditText
16. android:id="@+id/name"
17. android:layout_width="wrap_content"
18. android:layout_height="wrap_content"
19. android:layout_weight="1"/>
20. <Button
21. android:id="@+id/find"
22. android:layout_width="wrap_content"
23. android:layout_height="wrap_content"
24. android:text="Find"/>
25. </LinearLayout>
26.</FrameLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:id="@+id/mapView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:clickable="true"
android:apiKey="your apiKey goes here"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/find"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Find"/>
</LinearLayout>
</FrameLayout>
然后我们来看一下MainActivity.java文件，代码如下：
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01.package com.scott.location;
02.
03.import java.io.IOException;
04.import java.util.List;
05.
06.import android.location.Address;
07.import android.location.Geocoder;
08.import android.os.Bundle;
09.import android.view.View;
10.import android.widget.Button;
11.import android.widget.EditText;
12.import android.widget.ImageView;
13.import android.widget.Toast;
14.
15.import com.google.android.maps.GeoPoint;
16.import com.google.android.maps.MapActivity;
17.import com.google.android.maps.MapView;
18.import com.google.android.maps.MapView.LayoutParams;
19.
20.public class MainActivity extends MapActivity {
21.
22. private MapView mapView;
23. private EditText name;
24. private Button find;
25.
26. private Geocoder geocoder;
27.
28. private static final double lat = 39.908716;
29. private static final double lng = 116.397529;
30.
31. @Override
32. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
33. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
34. setContentView(R.layout.main);
35.
36. mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.mapView);
37. mapView.getController().setZoom(17);
38. mapView.getController().animateTo(new GeoPoint((int)(lat * 1E6),(int)(lng * 1E6)));
39.
40. geocoder = new Geocoder(this);
41.
42. name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.name);
43. find = (Button) findViewById(R.id.find);
44.
45. find.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
46. @Override
47. public void onClick(View v) {
48. String keyword = name.getText().toString();
49. try {
50. List<Address> addrs = geocoder.getFromLocationName(keyword, 3);
51. if (addrs != null && addrs.size() > 0) {
52. int latE6 = (int) (addrs.get(0).getLatitude() * 1E6);
53. int lngE6 = (int) (addrs.get(0).getLongitude() * 1E6);
54. GeoPoint point = new GeoPoint(latE6, lngE6);
55. mapView.getController().animateTo(point);
56.
57. final MapView.LayoutParams params = new MapView.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
58. LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, point, LayoutParams.BOTTOM_CENTER);
59. final ImageView marker = new ImageView(MainActivity.this);
60. marker.setImageResource(R.drawable.marker);
61. marker.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
62. @Override
63. public void onClick(View v) {
64. Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "hello geocoder!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
65. }
66. });
67. mapView.addView(marker, params);
68. }
69. } catch (IOException e) {
70. e.printStackTrace();
71. }
72. }
73. });
74. }
75.
76. @Override
77. protected boolean isRouteDisplayed() {
78. return false;
79. }
80.}
package com.scott.location;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import android.location.Address;
import android.location.Geocoder;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.google.android.maps.GeoPoint;
import com.google.android.maps.MapActivity;
import com.google.android.maps.MapView;
import com.google.android.maps.MapView.LayoutParams;
public class MainActivity extends MapActivity {
private MapView mapView;
private EditText name;
private Button find;
private Geocoder geocoder;
private static final double lat = 39.908716;
private static final double lng = 116.397529;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.mapView);
mapView.getController().setZoom(17);
mapView.getController().animateTo(new GeoPoint((int)(lat * 1E6),(int)(lng * 1E6)));
geocoder = new Geocoder(this);
name = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.name);
find = (Button) findViewById(R.id.find);
find.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String keyword = name.getText().toString();
try {
List<Address> addrs = geocoder.getFromLocationName(keyword, 3);
if (addrs != null && addrs.size() > 0) {
int latE6 = (int) (addrs.get(0).getLatitude() * 1E6);
int lngE6 = (int) (addrs.get(0).getLongitude() * 1E6);
GeoPoint point = new GeoPoint(latE6, lngE6);
mapView.getController().animateTo(point);
final MapView.LayoutParams params = new MapView.LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, point, LayoutParams.BOTTOM_CENTER);
final ImageView marker = new ImageView(MainActivity.this);
marker.setImageResource(R.drawable.marker);
marker.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "hello geocoder!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
mapView.addView(marker, params);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
@Override
protected boolean isRouteDisplayed() {
return false;
}
}
最后需要在AndroidManifest.xml中的application标签之间加入google map library：
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01.<uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps" />
<uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps" />
然后就是一些位置服务所需的权限：
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01.<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
02.<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
03.<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
有一点需要跟朋友们提一下，Geocoder查找是同步地进行的，因此，它们将会阻塞调用它们的线程。对于低速的数据连接来说，这可能会导致出现ANR(Application Not Respond)的问题。在大部分情况下，更好的做法是把这些查找移动到服务或者后台线程中，前面几篇文章中也涉及到了一些异步任务的相关知识，不熟悉的朋友们可以参看以下Handler和AsyncTask的使用。为了清晰和简洁起见，上面代码中的查找操作直接放在了UI线程中，应用时最好不要这样写。
做完上面的操作，基本上就算是完成了该示例。不过如果使用模拟器时用的是Google API v8时会出现一个异常，将无法完成查找功能：
这是什么原因呢？在网上搜寻了一通，发现讨论区，真的很给力：http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=8816
看看个别的评论：
看来真机和v7都没问题，v8会出问题。
也有高人给出解决方案，另辟蹊径，使用访问url的方式，获取json数据，然后解析获取经度和纬度，最后再组装成一个GeoPoint对象即可。我们新建一个LocationUtil.java文件，代码如下：
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01.package com.scott.location;
02.
03.import java.io.InputStream;
04.
05.import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
06.import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
07.import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
08.import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
09.import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
10.import org.json.JSONArray;
11.import org.json.JSONException;
12.import org.json.JSONObject;
13.
14.import com.google.android.maps.GeoPoint;
15.
16.public class LocationUtil {
17.
18. public static GeoPoint getFromLocationName(String address) {
19. String url = "http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json";
20. HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url + "?sensor=false&address=" + address);
21. HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
22. HttpResponse response;
23. StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
24. try {
25. response = client.execute(httpGet);
26. HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
27. InputStream stream = entity.getContent();
28. int b;
29. while ((b = stream.read()) != -1) {
30. stringBuilder.append((char) b);
31. }
32. } catch (Exception e) {
33. e.printStackTrace();
34. }
35.
36. JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
37. try {
38. jsonObject = new JSONObject(stringBuilder.toString());
39. } catch (JSONException e) {
40. e.printStackTrace();
41. }
42. return getGeoPoint(jsonObject);
43. }
44.
45. private static GeoPoint getGeoPoint(JSONObject jsonObject) {
46. try {
47. JSONArray array = (JSONArray) jsonObject.get("results");
48. JSONObject first = array.getJSONObject(0);
49. JSONObject geometry = first.getJSONObject("geometry");
50. JSONObject location = geometry.getJSONObject("location");
51.
52. double lat = location.getDouble("lat");
53. double lng = location.getDouble("lng");
54.
55. return new GeoPoint((int) (lat * 1E6), (int) (lng * 1E6));
56. } catch (JSONException e) {
57. e.printStackTrace();
58. }
59. return null;
60. }
61.
62.}
package com.scott.location;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import com.google.android.maps.GeoPoint;
public class LocationUtil {
public static GeoPoint getFromLocationName(String address) {
String url = "http://maps.google.com/maps/api/geocode/json";
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url + "?sensor=false&address=" + address);
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpResponse response;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
try {
response = client.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
InputStream stream = entity.getContent();
int b;
while ((b = stream.read()) != -1) {
stringBuilder.append((char) b);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
try {
jsonObject = new JSONObject(stringBuilder.toString());
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return getGeoPoint(jsonObject);
}
private static GeoPoint getGeoPoint(JSONObject jsonObject) {
try {
JSONArray array = (JSONArray) jsonObject.get("results");
JSONObject first = array.getJSONObject(0);
JSONObject geometry = first.getJSONObject("geometry");
JSONObject location = geometry.getJSONObject("location");
double lat = location.getDouble("lat");
double lng = location.getDouble("lng");
return new GeoPoint((int) (lat * 1E6), (int) (lng * 1E6));
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
然后对MainActivity.java关键地方进行改写：
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01.GeoPoint point = LocationUtil.getFromLocationName(keyword);
GeoPoint point = LocationUtil.getFromLocationName(keyword);
大功告成，当我们搜索后把结果中的第一个显示到地图中，然后点击图标时，弹出提示。我们来看一下效果：
以上是关于android.location包基于位置服务中Geocoder的基本介绍，更多的内容会在以后找机会和大家再分享。
本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/liuhe688/archive/2011/06/24/6566505.aspx
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