翻译：测试成熟度模型集成（TMMi）（3）

2 TMMi Maturity Levels
2 TMMi成熟度水平
2.1 Overview
2.1 概述
TMMi has a staged architecture for process improvement. It contains stages or levels through which an
organization passes as its testing process evolves from one that is ad-hoc and unmanaged, to one that is
managed, defined, measured, and optimized. Achieving each stage ensures that an adequate improvement has
been laid as a foundation for the next stage. The internal structure of the TMMi is rich in testing
practices that can be learned and applied in a systematic way to support a quality testing process that
improves in incremental steps.There are five levels in the TMMi that prescribe a maturity hierarchy and an
evolutionary path to test process improvement.Each level has a set of process areas that an organization
needs to focus on to achieve maturity at that level. Experience has shown that organizations do their best
when they focus their test improvement process efforts on a manageable number of process areas at a time,
and that those areas require increasing sophistication as the organization improves. Because each maturity
level forms a necessary foundation for the next level, trying to skip a maturity level is usually counter
productive. At the same time, you must recognize that test process improvement efforts should focus on the needs of the organization in the context of its business environment and the process areas at higher maturity levels may address the current needs of an organization or project. For example, organizations seeking to move from maturity level 1 to maturity level 2 are frequent encouraged to establish a test group, which is addressed by the Test Organization process area that resides are maturity level 3.
Although the test group is not a necessary characteristic of a TMMi level 2 organization, it can be a

useful part of the organization’s approach to achieve TMMi maturity level 2.The process areas for each

maturity level of the TMMi are shown in figure 1. They are fully described later in other chapters and are

also listed below along with a brief description of the characteristics of an organization at each
TMMi level. The description will introduce the reader to the evolutionary path prescribed in the TMMi for

test process improvement. Note that the TMMi does not have a specific process area dedicated to test tools

and/or test automation. Within TMMi test tools are treated as a supporting resource (practices) and are

therefore part of the process area where they provide support, e.g.
applying a test design tool is a

supporting test practice within the process area Test Design and Execution at TMMi level 2 and applying a

performance testing is tool is a supporting test practice within the process area Non-Functional Testing at

TMMi level 3.
TMMi是阶段架构的过程改进模型。它包含的阶段或者级别是从一个无序的，不可管理的到可管理的，可定义的，可度量的

和可优化的。每个阶段要确保足够的改进，作为下一阶段的奠定基础。该TMMi内部结构是丰富的，在测试中可以学习和有

系统地支持一个质量检测的过程，在渐进的步骤改善应用实践。TMMi有5个级别，它们遵守成熟度等级制度和演化路径来进

行测试过程改进。每个级别都有一套过程域指明组织需要致力在那个级别取得成熟度。经验表明组织各尽其能一次他们专

注于测试过程改进在可做到的过程域，那些域随着组织的改进需要增加混合。因为每个成熟度级别为下一个级别构成必要

的基础，尽量略过一个成熟度级别通常是无益的。同时，你必须意识到测试过程改进的努力必须致力于组织在商业环境的

需要，更高级别的成熟度水平上的过程域需定位在当前组织或项目的需要。例如，当组织试图从成熟度级别1升到级别2的时候经常被鼓励成立一个测试小组，它是测试组织成熟度级别3过程域中必须有的。虽然测试小组不是TMMi级别2组织所特有的，但是它是成为组织获得TMMi级别2有用的部分。图1展示了TMMi的每个成熟度级别的过程域。在接下来的章节里他们会被详细描述。下面有一个组织内各个TMMi级别的简单特征描述。这些描述将告诉读者TMMi在测试过程改进中路径演化的规定。需要注意的是TMMi并没有一个特定的过程域来指定用什么测试工具和要不要用自动化测试。在TMMi里，测试工具被作为一个辅助资源，例如应用测试设计工具是TMMi级别2测试测试和执行过程域的一个测试实践，应用性能测试工具是TMMi级别3无功能测试过程域的一个测试实践。