sql 2005性能调优

 

原文转载：http://www.cnblogs.com/MR_ke/archive/2010/08/25/1807856.html

 

SQL Server在运行一段时间，随着数据的积累，SQL运行效率会逐步降低，为了使用业务系统正常动作，经常IT部门需要花高价请SQL调优专家来解决。其实调优也不复杂，主要是找到影响效率的SQL，然后对症下药，这里给出几个技巧，相信对大家非常实用。
1、检查SQL阻塞原因

select blocking_session_id, wait_duration_ms, session_id 
from sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks 
where blocking_session_id is not null

 

2、检查前10个等待资源的SQL语句

select top 10 * 
from sys.dm_os_wait_stats 
order by wait_time_ms desc 

3、查询显示 CPU 平均占用率最高的前50个SQL 语句

SELECT TOP 50 total_worker_time/execution_count AS [Avg CPU Time], 
(SELECT SUBSTRING(text,statement_start_offset/2,(CASE WHEN      statement_end_offset = -1 then LEN(CONVERT(nvarchar(max), text)) * 2 ELSE statement_end_offset end -statement_start_offset)/2) FROM sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) AS query_text, * 
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats 
ORDER BY [Avg CPU Time] DESC 

 

4、CPU 瓶颈通常由以下原因引起：查询计划并非最优、配置不当、设计因素不良或硬件资源不足。下面的常用查询可帮助您确定导致CPU瓶颈的原因。下面的查询使您能够深入了解当前缓存的哪些批处理或过程占用了大部分CPU资源。

SELECT TOP 50 
SUM(qs.total_worker_time) AS total_cpu_time, 
SUM(qs.execution_count) AS total_execution_count, 
COUNT(*) AS  number_of_statements, 
qs.sql_handle 
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs 
GROUP BY qs.sql_handle 
ORDER BY SUM(qs.total_worker_time) DESC 

 

5、下面的查询显示缓存计划所占用的CPU总使用率（带 SQL 文本）。

SELECT
total_cpu_time, 
total_execution_count, 
number_of_statements, 
s2.text 
FROM 
(SELECT TOP 50 
SUM(qs.total_worker_time) AS total_cpu_time, 
SUM(qs.execution_count) AS total_execution_count, 
COUNT(*) AS  number_of_statements, 
qs.sql_handle 
FROM
sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs 
GROUP BY qs.sql_handle 
ORDER BY SUM(qs.total_worker_time) DESC) AS stats 
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(stats.sql_handle) AS s2 

 

6、下面的示例查询显示已重新编译的前 25 个存储过程。plan_generation_num 指示该查询已重新编译的次数。

select top 25 
sql_text.text, 
sql_handle, 
plan_generation_num, 
execution_count, 
dbid, 
objectid 
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats a 
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as sql_text 
where plan_generation_num > 1 
order by plan_generation_num desc 

 

7、效率较低的查询计划可能增大 CPU 占用率。下面的查询显示哪个查询占用了最多的 CPU 累计使用率。

SELECT
highest_cpu_queries.plan_handle, highest_cpu_queries.total_worker_time, q.dbid, q.objectid, q.number, q.encrypted, q.[text] 
from
(select top 50 qs.plan_handle,  qs.total_worker_time from sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs  order by qs.total_worker_time desc) as highest_cpu_queries 
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle) as q 
order by highest_cpu_queries.total_worker_time desc

 

8、下面的查询显示一些可能占用大量 CPU 使用率的运算符（例如 ‘%Hash Match%’、‘%Sort%’）以找出可疑对象。

select * 
from
sys.dm_exec_cached_plans 
cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan(plan_handle) 
where
cast(query_plan as nvarchar(max)) like '%Sort%'
or cast(query_plan as nvarchar(max)) like '%Hash Match%' 

 

9、如果已检测到效率低下并导致 CPU 占用率较高的查询计划，请对该查询中涉及的表运行 UPDATE STATISTICS 以查看该问题是否仍然存在。然后，收集相关数据并将此问题报告给 PerformancePoint Planning 支持人员。如果您的系统存在过多的编译和重新编译，可能会导致系统出现与 CPU 相关的性能问题。您可以运行下面的 DMV 查询来找出过多的编译/重新编译。

select * from sys.dm_exec_query_optimizer_info 
where counter = 'optimizations' or counter = 'elapsed time' 

补充：

10、查询前1000个平均最慢的sql

SELECT  top 1000 ss.sum_execution_count ,  
        t.text ,  
        ss.sum_total_worker_time/ss.sum_execution_count/1000  avg_total_worker_time,
        ss.min_last_execution_time,
        ss.sum_total_elapsed_time ,  
        ss.sum_total_worker_time ,  
        ss.sum_total_logical_reads ,  
        ss.sum_total_logical_writes  
FROM    ( SELECT    s.plan_handle plan_handle,  
                    SUM(s.execution_count) sum_execution_count ,  
                    SUM(s.total_elapsed_time) sum_total_elapsed_time ,  
                    SUM(s.total_worker_time) sum_total_worker_time ,  
                    SUM(s.total_logical_reads) sum_total_logical_reads ,  
                    SUM(s.total_logical_writes) sum_total_logical_writes,
                    min(s.last_execution_time) min_last_execution_time  
          FROM      sys.dm_exec_query_stats s  
          GROUP BY  s.plan_handle  
        ) AS ss  
        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ss.plan_handle) t  
ORDER BY avg_total_worker_time DESC 

11、前50个处理时间最长的SQL

SELECT  
        t.text ,  
        ss.plan_handle,ss.execution_count,ss.total_elapsed_time,ss.total_worker_time,
        ss.total_logical_reads,ss.total_logical_writes,ss.last_execution_time
FROM    ( SELECT top 50   s.plan_handle,  
                    s.execution_count,
                    s.total_elapsed_time,  
                    s.total_worker_time,  
                    s.total_logical_reads,  
                    s.total_logical_writes,
                    s.last_execution_time 
          FROM      sys.dm_exec_query_stats s  
          order BY  s.total_worker_time desc  
        ) AS ss  
        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ss.plan_handle) t  
ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC 

注意：在MS SQL SERVER 2005中执行时，必须在系统数据库master库中才能正常执行！