CTCI 1.4

Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with'%20'. You may assume that the string has sufficient space at the end of the string to hold the additional characters, and that you are given the "true" length of the string. (Note: if implementing in Java, please use a character array so that you can perform this operation in place.)

This problem can be classified as a pointer problem. We first calculate the number of blanks to get the final length of the string. Then use to pointer pointing to original string end and final string end, and graduatelly assign the value of first pointer to the second one. When encounter a ' ', just replace it with "%20".

/* Loop the string one time to count the number of blank, the length after replacement would be
    n + blank_cnt * 2, then we could use to pointer i = n-1, j = n+blank_cnt*2-1 to do the replacement.
    If the character is not ' ', then just assign what i point to j, and both minues one, else replace "%20"
    to where j point and i minus one. The time complexity is O(N) and space complexity is O(1)
*/

public class ReplaceBlank {
    public String replaceBlank(char[] s, int n) {
        int blank_cnt = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if(s[i] == ' ') 
                blank_cnt++;
        }

        int i = n-1, j = n+blank_cnt*2-1;
        while(i >= 0) {
            if(s[i] != ' ') {
                s[j] = s[i];
                j--; i--;
            }
            else {
                s[j] = '0'; j--;
                s[j] = '2'; j--;
                s[j] = '%'; j--;
                i--;
            }
        }

        return new String(s, 0, n+blank_cnt*2);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReplaceBlank rb = new ReplaceBlank();
        System.out.println(rb.replaceBlank("      ".toCharArray(), 1));
        System.out.println(rb.replaceBlank(" a     ".toCharArray(), 2));
        System.out.println(rb.replaceBlank("  a          ".toCharArray(), 5));
        System.out.println(rb.replaceBlank("Mr John Smith    ".toCharArray(), 13));
    }
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/pyemma/p/3826365.html