网上的视频很多都是分片的flv文件,怎么把他们合为一体呢?GUI工具就不考虑了,不适合批量执行,不适合在后台运行。有没有命令行工具或库可以实现呢?
ffmpeg 提供了一个方法:
(1)先把flv文件转换成mpeg;
(2)将多个mpeg文件合并成1个独立的mpeg文件(二进制合并即可)
(3)将独立的mpeg文件转换成独立的flv文件。
网上搜到的最多的也是这种解决办法。这种方法有两个缺点:
(1)需要两遍转码,非常耗时;
(2)转换后的独立的mpeg文件比原视频要短一点点。
木有办法了,只好另寻他路。有人说有一个flvmerge.exe 程序可以将多个flv合并成一个,可惜的是俺搜了很久,都没找到这个程序,最后还是在一款免费软件里把这个“flvmerge.exe”文件给揪出来了,不幸的是,这个“flvmerge.exe”得不到正确的结果。
润之同学说过,自己动手,丰衣足食。上 github 上搜“flvmerge”,发现两个项目,“flvmerge”和“flvmerger”,都是C写的。前者不依赖于第三方库,后者依赖于第三方库,那么就从第一个开始吧。
看了看它的代码,知道了flv文件合并的原理:
(1) flv 文件由1个header和若干个tag组成;
(2) header记录了视频的元数据;
(3) tag 是有时间戳的数据;
(4) flv合并的原理就是把多个文件里的tag组装起来,调整各tag的时间戳,再在文件起始处按个头部。
下面是我参照 flvmerge 项目,用linqpad写的一个C#版本的 flvmerge 代码:
1 void Main() 2 { 3 String path1 = "D:\\Videos\\Subtitle\\OutputCache\\1.flv"; 4 String path2 = "D:\\Videos\\Subtitle\\OutputCache\\2.flv"; 5 String path3 = "D:\\Videos\\Subtitle\\OutputCache\\3.flv"; 6 String output = "D:\\Videos\\Subtitle\\OutputCache\\output.flv"; 7 8 using(FileStream fs1 = new FileStream(path1, FileMode.Open)) 9 using(FileStream fs2 = new FileStream(path2, FileMode.Open)) 10 using(FileStream fs3 = new FileStream(path3, FileMode.Open)) 11 using(FileStream fsMerge = new FileStream(output, FileMode.Create)) 12 { 13 Console.WriteLine(IsFLVFile(fs1)); 14 Console.WriteLine(IsFLVFile(fs2)); 15 Console.WriteLine(IsFLVFile(fs3)); 16 17 if(IsSuitableToMerge(GetFLVFileInfo(fs1),GetFLVFileInfo(fs2)) == false 18 || IsSuitableToMerge(GetFLVFileInfo(fs1),GetFLVFileInfo(fs3)) == false) 19 { 20 Console.WriteLine("Video files not suitable to merge"); 21 } 22 23 int time = Merge(fs1,fsMerge,true,0); 24 time = Merge(fs2,fsMerge,false,time); 25 time = Merge(fs3,fsMerge,false,time); 26 Console.WriteLine("Merge finished"); 27 } 28 } 29 30 const int FLV_HEADER_SIZE = 9; 31 const int FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE = 11; 32 const int MAX_DATA_SIZE = 16777220; 33 34 class FLVContext 35 { 36 public byte soundFormat; 37 public byte soundRate; 38 public byte soundSize; 39 public byte soundType; 40 public byte videoCodecID; 41 } 42 43 bool IsSuitableToMerge(FLVContext flvCtx1, FLVContext flvCtx2) 44 { 45 return (flvCtx1.soundFormat == flvCtx2.soundFormat) && 46 (flvCtx1.soundRate == flvCtx2.soundRate) && 47 (flvCtx1.soundSize == flvCtx2.soundSize) && 48 (flvCtx1.soundType == flvCtx2.soundType) && 49 (flvCtx1.videoCodecID == flvCtx2.videoCodecID); 50 } 51 52 bool IsFLVFile(FileStream fs) 53 { 54 int len; 55 byte[] buf = new byte[FLV_HEADER_SIZE]; 56 fs.Position = 0; 57 if( FLV_HEADER_SIZE != fs.Read(buf,0,buf.Length)) 58 return false; 59 60 if (buf[0] != 'F' || buf[1] != 'L' || buf[2] != 'V' || buf[3] != 0x01) 61 return false; 62 else 63 return true; 64 } 65 66 FLVContext GetFLVFileInfo(FileStream fs) 67 { 68 bool hasAudioParams, hasVideoParams; 69 int skipSize, readLen; 70 int dataSize; 71 byte tagType; 72 byte[] tmp = new byte[FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE+1]; 73 if (fs == null) return null; 74 75 FLVContext flvCtx = new FLVContext(); 76 fs.Position = 0; 77 skipSize = 9; 78 fs.Position += skipSize; 79 hasVideoParams = hasAudioParams = false; 80 skipSize = 4; 81 while (!hasVideoParams || !hasAudioParams) 82 { 83 fs.Position += skipSize; 84 85 if (FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE+1 != fs.Read(tmp,0,tmp.Length)) 86 return null; 87 88 tagType = (byte)(tmp[0] & 0x1f); 89 switch (tagType) 90 { 91 case 8 : 92 flvCtx.soundFormat = (byte)((tmp[FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE] & 0xf0) >> 4) ; 93 flvCtx.soundRate = (byte)((tmp[FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE] & 0x0c) >> 2) ; 94 flvCtx.soundSize = (byte)((tmp[FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE] & 0x02) >> 1) ; 95 flvCtx.soundType = (byte)((tmp[FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE] & 0x01) >> 0) ; 96 hasAudioParams = true; 97 break; 98 case 9 : 99 flvCtx.videoCodecID = (byte)((tmp[FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE] & 0x0f)); 100 hasVideoParams = true; 101 break; 102 default : 103 break; 104 } 105 106 dataSize = FromInt24StringBe(tmp[1],tmp[2],tmp[3]); 107 skipSize = dataSize - 1 + 4; 108 } 109 110 return flvCtx; 111 } 112 113 int FromInt24StringBe(byte b0, byte b1, byte b2) 114 { 115 return (int)((b0<<16) | (b1<<8) | (b2)); 116 } 117 118 int GetTimestamp(byte b0, byte b1, byte b2, byte b3) 119 { 120 return ((b3<<24) | (b0<<16) | (b1<<8) | (b2)); 121 } 122 123 void SetTimestamp(byte[] data, int idx, int newTimestamp) 124 { 125 data[idx + 3] = (byte)(newTimestamp>>24); 126 data[idx + 0] = (byte)(newTimestamp>>16); 127 data[idx + 1] = (byte)(newTimestamp>>8); 128 data[idx + 2] = (byte)(newTimestamp); 129 } 130 131 int Merge(FileStream fsInput, FileStream fsMerge, bool isFirstFile, int lastTimestamp = 0) 132 { 133 int readLen; 134 int curTimestamp = 0; 135 int newTimestamp = 0; 136 int dataSize; 137 byte[] tmp = new byte[20]; 138 byte[] buf = new byte[MAX_DATA_SIZE]; 139 140 fsInput.Position = 0; 141 if (isFirstFile) 142 { 143 if(FLV_HEADER_SIZE+4 == (fsInput.Read(tmp,0,FLV_HEADER_SIZE+4))) 144 { 145 fsMerge.Position = 0; 146 fsMerge.Write(tmp,0,FLV_HEADER_SIZE+4); 147 } 148 } 149 else 150 { 151 fsInput.Position = FLV_HEADER_SIZE + 4; 152 } 153 154 while(fsInput.Read(tmp, 0, FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE) > 0) 155 { 156 dataSize = FromInt24StringBe(tmp[1],tmp[2],tmp[3]); 157 curTimestamp = GetTimestamp(tmp[4],tmp[5],tmp[6],tmp[7]); 158 newTimestamp = curTimestamp + lastTimestamp; 159 SetTimestamp(tmp,4, newTimestamp); 160 fsMerge.Write(tmp,0,FLV_TAG_HEADER_SIZE); 161 162 readLen = dataSize+4; 163 if (fsInput.Read(buf,0,readLen) > 0) { 164 fsMerge.Write(buf, 0, readLen); 165 } else { 166 goto failed; 167 } 168 } 169 170 return newTimestamp; 171 172 failed: 173 throw new Exception("Merge Failed"); 174 }
测试通过,合并速度很快!
不过,这个方法有一个缺点:没有将各个文件里的关键帧信息合并,这个关键帧信息,切分flv文件时很重要,合并时就没那么重要了。如果确实需要的话,可以用 yamdi 来处理。