在Oracle 11.2.0.1.0下dbms_stats.gather_table_stats收集直方图不准

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
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Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production


SQL> --制造一些数据
SQL> drop table test purge;
SQL> create table test as select * from dba_objects;
SQL> update test set object_id=2;
SQL> update test set object_id=1 where rownum=1;
SQL> commit;
SQL> create index ind_t_object_id on test(object_id);
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'test',cascade => true);
SQL> --看看数据的分布
SQL> select object_id,count(1) from test group by object_id;
 OBJECT_ID   COUNT(1)
---------- ----------
         1          1
         2      72415

SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> --应该是要走索引
SQL> select * from test where object_id = 1;
运行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1357081020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      | 36208 |  3359K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST | 36208 |  3359K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   1 - filter("OBJECT_ID"=1)
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       1039  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
       1191  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        338  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed


SQL> --应该是要走全表扫描
SQL> select * from test where object_id = 2;
已选择72415行。
运行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1357081020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      | 36208 |  3359K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST | 36208 |  3359K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   1 - filter("OBJECT_ID"=2)
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       5799  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
    2940934  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      53435  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       4829  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
      72415  rows processed

SQL> set autotrace off
SQL> col TABLE_NAME format a10;
SQL> col COLUMN_NAME format a10;
SQL> col ENDPOINT_ACTUAL_VALUE  format a10;
SQL> col ENDPOINT_NUMBER  format 9999999;
SQL> col ENDPOINT_VALUE  format 999999;
SQL>--直方图有问题，又一次收集直方图
SQL> select * from user_tab_histograms s where s.table_name='TEST' and column_name='OBJECT_ID';
TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAM ENDPOINT_NUMBER ENDPOINT_VALUE ENDPOINT_A
---------- ---------- --------------- -------------- ----------
TEST       OBJECT_ID             0              1
TEST       OBJECT_ID             1              2
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user, 'test',cascade=>true, method_opt=>'for columns object_id size 2');

SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> --还是不正确
SQL> select * from test where object_id = 1;
运行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1357081020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      | 36208 |  3359K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST | 36208 |  3359K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   1 - filter("OBJECT_ID"=1)
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       1039  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
       1191  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        338  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed


SQL> set autotrace off
SQL> select * from user_tab_histograms s where s.table_name='TEST' and column_name='OBJECT_ID';
TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAM ENDPOINT_NUMBER ENDPOINT_VALUE ENDPOINT_A
---------- ---------- --------------- -------------- ----------
TEST       OBJECT_ID             5391              2


SQL> --仅仅实用analyze收集直方图
SQL> analyze table test compute statistics for table for columns object_id size 2;

SQL> select * from user_tab_histograms s where s.table_name='TEST' and column_name='OBJECT_ID';
TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAM ENDPOINT_NUMBER ENDPOINT_VALUE ENDPOINT_A
---------- ---------- --------------- -------------- ----------
TEST       OBJECT_ID                1              1
TEST       OBJECT_ID            72416              2

SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> select * from test where object_id = 1;
运行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 255872589
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name            | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                 |     1 |    99 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TEST            |     1 |    99 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IND_T_OBJECT_ID |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   2 - access("OBJECT_ID"=1)
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          4  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
       1191  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        338  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed


SQL> select * from test where object_id = 2;
运行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1357081020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      | 72415 |  7001K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST | 72415 |  7001K|   290   (1)| 00:00:04 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   1 - filter("OBJECT_ID"=2)
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       5799  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
    2940934  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      53435  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       4829  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
      72415  rows processed
SQL> set autotrace off

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhchoutai/p/6761552.html