oracle11g 自动内存管理

11g开始，能自动管理sga,pga，称为amm
MEMORY_MAX_TARGE：这个参数指定了 MEMORY_TARGET这个参数能够设置的最大值，memory_target这个参数指定了系统级别的可用内存，可以根据需要减少或增加sga,pga的大小。在一个基于文本的参数文件中，如果排除掉 MEMORY_MAX_TARGET 参数并包含MEMORY_TARGET这个参数，那么数据库会动态的设置memory_max_target为memory_target，如果排除掉MEMORY_TARGET 这个参数，并包含MEMORY_MAX_TARGET这个参数，memory_target参数默认为0，启动后，你可以设置memory_target为非0，并不超过MEMORY_MAX_TARGET的大小。
监控amm
select * from v$memory_target_advice order by memory_size 大多数的情况下，我们是使用手工分配内存的。 对于pga，设置了target大小，也是自动管理的。 对于asmm,sga_target参数指定了sga可用的大小。granules The memory for dynamic components in the SGA is allocated in the unit of granules. Granule size is determined by total SGA size. Generally speaking, on most platforms, if the total SGA size is equal to or less than 1 GB, then granule size is 4 MB. For SGAs larger than 1 GB, granule size is 16 MB. Some platform dependencies may arise. For example, on 32-bit Windows NT, the granule size is 8 MB for SGAs larger than 1 GB. Consult your operating system specific documentation for more details. select * from v$sgainfo;
select * from v$sga_target_advice order by sga_size; 设置sga SELECT ( (SELECT SUM(value) FROM V$SGA) -
(SELECT CURRENT_SIZE FROM V$SGA_DYNAMIC_FREE_MEMORY)
) “SGA_TARGET”
FROM DUAL;

启用自动sga管理，但是有些部件是不能自动管理的，包括三部分：
nk buffer(非默认块的buffer)；log buffer；keep&recycle buffer；
这些非自动管理组件必须手工设定，自动分配的内存是sga_target减去这部分大小。

amm情况下转换成asmm
1ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_TARGET = 0;
2将sga各个内存池设置成0
SGA_TARGET 这个参数可以动态调整变大或变小。
为了使用手工管理共享内存，
1设置MEMORY_TARGET =0
2设置SGA_TARGET =0，并设置sga各个组件的大小。
在设置了sga_target后，依然可以设置sga各个组件的大小，保证各个组件的在动态调整的时候不低于设置的值。
如果设置了PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET，oracle会确保所有的server process和后台进程的内存分配不会超过这个值。

自动pga管理下的监控视图 V$SYSSTAT V$SESSTAT V$PGASTAT V$SQL_WORKAREA V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE v$process中的 PGA_USED_MEM PGA_ALLOCATED_MEM PGA_MAX_MEM 三列 手工 管理pga的设置

SORT_AREA_SIZE, HASH_AREA_SIZE, BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE and CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE

If you decide to tune SQL work areas manually, you must set the WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY initialization parameter to MANUAL.

内存管理视图

View    Description
V$SGA  Displays summary information about the system global area (SGA).
V$SGAINFO  Displays size information about the SGA, including the sizes of different SGA components, the granule size, and free memory.
V$SGASTAT  Displays detailed information about how memory is allocated within the shared pool, large pool, Java pool, and Streams pool.
V$PGASTAT	Displays PGA memory usage statistics as well as statistics about the automatic PGA memory manager when it is enabled (that is, when PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET is set). Cumulative values in V$PGASTAT are accumulated since instance startup.
V$MEMORY_DYNAMIC_COMPONENTS    Displays information on the current size of all automatically tuned and static memory components, with the last operation (for example, grow or shrink) that occurred on each.
V$SGA_DYNAMIC_COMPONENTS   Displays the current sizes of all SGA components, and the last operation for each component.
V$SGA_DYNAMIC_FREE_MEMORY  Displays information about the amount of SGA memory available for future dynamic SGA resize operations.
V$MEMORY_CURRENT_RESIZE_OPS    Displays information about resize operations that are currently in progress. A resize operation is an enlargement or reduction of the SGA, the instance PGA, or a dynamic SGA component.
V$SGA_CURRENT_RESIZE_OPS   Displays information about dynamic SGA component resize operations that are currently in progress.
V$MEMORY_RESIZE_OPS    Displays information about the last 800 completed memory component resize operations, including automatic grow and shrink operations for SGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET.
V$SGA_RESIZE_OPS   Displays information about the last 800 completed SGA component resize operations.
V$MEMORY_TARGET_ADVICE Displays information that helps you tune MEMORY_TARGET if you enabled automatic memory management.
V$SGA_TARGET_ADVICE    Displays information that helps you tune SGA_TARGET.
V$PGA_TARGET_ADVICE    Displays information that helps you tune PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET.

在测试环境中，关闭amm，开启asmm,自动pga管理重启oracle后，发现memory_max_target参数依然会有值，参考http://blog.csdn.net/ghostliming/article/details/49081559
使用参数文件，在参数文件中去掉该值，此时参数文件中，这个值其实已经为0了，在启动，查看参数已被置为0。