iOS 知识-常用小技巧大杂烩
1,打印View所有子视图
po [[self view]recursiveDescription]
2,layoutSubviews调用的调用时机
* 当视图第一次显示的时候会被调用
* 当这个视图显示到屏幕上了,点击按钮
* 添加子视图也会调用这个方法
* 当本视图的大小发生改变的时候是会调用的
* 当子视图的frame发生改变的时候是会调用的
* 当删除子视图的时候是会调用的
3,NSString过滤特殊字符
// 定义一个特殊字符的集合
NSCharacterSet *set = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:
@"@/:;()¥「」"、[]{}#%-*+=_\\|~<>$€^•'@#$%^&*()_+'\""];
// 过滤字符串的特殊字符 NSString *newString = [trimString stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:set];
4,TransForm属性
//平移按钮
CGAffineTransform transForm = self.buttonView.transform;
self.buttonView.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transForm, 10, 0); //旋转按钮 CGAffineTransform transForm = self.buttonView.transform; self.buttonView.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(transForm, M_PI_4); //缩放按钮 self.buttonView.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(transForm, 1.2, 1.2); //初始化复位 self.buttonView.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
5,去掉分割线多余15像素
首先在viewDidLoad方法加入以下代码:
if ([self.tableView respondsToSelector:@selector(setSeparatorInset:)]) {
[self.tableView setSeparatorInset:UIEdgeInsetsZero]; } if ([self.tableView respondsToSelector:@selector(setLayoutMargins:)]) { [self.tableView setLayoutMargins:UIEdgeInsetsZero]; } 然后在重写willDisplayCell方法 - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView willDisplayCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{ if ([cell respondsToSelector:@selector(setSeparatorInset:)]) { [cell setSeparatorInset:UIEdgeInsetsZero]; } if ([cell respondsToSelector:@selector(setLayoutMargins:)]) { [cell setLayoutMargins:UIEdgeInsetsZero]; } }
6,计算方法耗时时间间隔
// 获取时间间隔
#define TICK CFAbsoluteTime start = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();
#define TOCK NSLog(@"Time: %f", CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - start)
7,Color颜色宏定义
// 随机颜色
#define RANDOM_COLOR [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random_uniform(256) / 255.0 green:arc4random_uniform(256) / 255.0 blue:arc4random_uniform(256) / 255.0 alpha:1]
// 颜色(RGB)
#define RGBCOLOR(r, g, b) [UIColor colorWithRed:(r)/255.0f green:(g)/255.0f blue:(b)/255.0f alpha:1]
#define RGBACOLOR(r, g, b, a) [UIColor colorWithRed:(r)/255.0f green:(g)/255.0f blue:(b)/255.0f alpha:(a)]
8,Alert提示宏定义
#define Alert(_S_, ...) [[[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"提示" message:[NSString stringWithFormat:(_S_), ##__VA_ARGS__] delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil] show]
8,让 iOS 应用直接退出
- (void)exitApplication {
AppDelegate *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
UIWindow *window = app.window;
[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0f animations:^{ window.alpha = 0; } completion:^(BOOL finished) { exit(0); }]; }
8,NSArray 快速求总和 最大值 最小值 和 平均值
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2.0", @"2.3", @"3.0", @"4.0", @"10", nil]; CGFloat sum = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.floatValue"] floatValue]; CGFloat avg = [[array valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.floatValue"] floatValue]; CGFloat max =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@max.floatValue"] floatValue]; CGFloat min =[[array valueForKeyPath:@"@min.floatValue"] floatValue]; NSLog(@"%f\n%f\n%f\n%f",sum,avg,max,min);
9,修改Label中不同文字颜色
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self editStringColor:self.label.text editStr:@"好" color:[UIColor blueColor]]; } - (void)editStringColor:(NSString *)string editStr:(NSString *)editStr color:(UIColor *)color { // string为整体字符串, editStr为需要修改的字符串 NSRange range = [string rangeOfString:editStr]; NSMutableAttributedString *attribute = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:string]; // 设置属性修改字体颜色UIColor与大小UIFont [attribute addAttributes:@{NSForegroundColorAttributeName:color} range:range]; self.label.attributedText = attribute; }
10,播放声音
#import<AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
// 1.获取音效资源的路径
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"pour_milk" ofType:@"wav"]; // 2.将路劲转化为url NSURL *tempUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path]; // 3.用转化成的url创建一个播放器 NSError *error = nil; AVAudioPlayer *play = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc]initWithContentsOfURL:tempUrl error:&error]; self.player = play; // 4.播放 [play play];
11,检测是否IPad Pro
- (BOOL)isIpadPro
{
UIScreen *Screen = [UIScreen mainScreen];
CGFloat width = Screen.nativeBounds.size.width/Screen.nativeScale;
CGFloat height = Screen.nativeBounds.size.height/Screen.nativeScale; BOOL isIpad =[[UIDevice currentDevice] userInterfaceIdiom] == UIUserInterfaceIdiomPad; BOOL hasIPadProWidth = fabs(width - 1024.f) < DBL_EPSILON; BOOL hasIPadProHeight = fabs(height - 1366.f) < DBL_EPSILON; return isIpad && hasIPadProHeight && hasIPadProWidth; }
11,修改Tabbar Item的属性
// 修改标题位置
self.tabBarItem.titlePositionAdjustment = UIOffsetMake(0, -10); // 修改图片位置 self.tabBarItem.imageInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-3, 0, 3, 0); // 批量修改属性 for (UIBarItem *item in self.tabBarController.tabBar.items) { [item setTitleTextAttributes:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Helvetica" size:19.0], NSFontAttributeName, nil] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; } // 设置选中和未选中字体颜色 [[UITabBar appearance] setShadowImage:[[UIImage alloc] init]]; //未选中字体颜色 [[UITabBarItem appearance] setTitleTextAttributes:@{NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor greenColor]} forState:UIControlStateNormal]; //选中字体颜色 [[UITabBarItem appearance] setTitleTextAttributes:@{NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor cyanColor]} forState:UIControlStateSelected];
12,NULL - nil - Nil - NSNULL的区别
* nil是OC的,空对象,地址指向空(0)的对象。对象的字面零值
* Nil是Objective-C类的字面零值
* NULL是C的,空地址,地址的数值是0,是个长整数
* NSNull用于解决向NSArray和NSDictionary等集合中添加空值的问题
11,去掉BackBarButtonItem的文字
[[UIBarButtonItem appearance] setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:UIOffsetMake(0, -60)
forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
12,控件不能交互的一些原因
1,控件的userInteractionEnabled = NO
2,透明度小于等于0.01,aplpha
3,控件被隐藏的时候,hidden = YES 4,子视图的位置超出了父视图的有效范围,子视图无法交互,设置了
12,修改UITextField中Placeholder的文字颜色
[text setValue:[UIColor redColor] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.textColor"];
}
13,视图的生命周期
1、 alloc 创建对象,分配空间
2、 init (initWithNibName) 初始化对象,初始化数据
3、 loadView 从nib载入视图 ,除非你没有使用xib文件创建视图
4、 viewDidLoad 载入完成,可以进行自定义数据以及动态创建其他控件
5、 viewWillAppear视图将出现在屏幕之前,马上这个视图就会被展现在屏幕上了 6、 viewDidAppear 视图已在屏幕上渲染完成 1、viewWillDisappear 视图将被从屏幕上移除之前执行 2、viewDidDisappear 视图已经被从屏幕上移除,用户看不到这个视图了 3、dealloc 视图被销毁,此处需要对你在init和viewDidLoad中创建的对象进行释放. viewVillUnload- 当内存过低,即将释放时调用; viewDidUnload-当内存过低,释放一些不需要的视图时调用。
14,应用程序的生命周期
1,启动但还没进入状态保存 :
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application willFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
2,基本完成程序准备开始运行: - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions 3,当应用程序将要入非活动状态执行,应用程序不接收消息或事件,比如来电话了: - (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application 4,当应用程序入活动状态执行,这个刚好跟上面那个方法相反: - (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application 5,当程序被推送到后台的时候调用。所以要设置后台继续运行,则在这个函数里面设置即可: - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application 6,当程序从后台将要重新回到前台时候调用,这个刚好跟上面的那个方法相反: - (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application 7,当程序将要退出是被调用,通常是用来保存数据和一些退出前的清理工作: - (void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application
15,判断view是不是指定视图的子视图
BOOL isView = [textView isDescendantOfView:self.view];
16,判断对象是否遵循了某协议
if ([self.selectedController conformsToProtocol:@protocol(RefreshPtotocol)]) { [self.selectedController performSelector:@selector(onTriggerRefresh)]; }
17,页面强制横屏
#pragma mark - 强制横屏代码
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate{
//是否支持转屏
return NO; } - (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations{ //支持哪些转屏方向 return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscape; } - (UIInterfaceOrientation)preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation{ return UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight; } - (BOOL)prefersStatusBarHidden{ return NO; }
18,系统键盘通知消息
1、UIKeyboardWillShowNotification-将要弹出键盘
2、UIKeyboardDidShowNotification-显示键盘
3、UIKeyboardWillHideNotification-将要隐藏键盘 4、UIKeyboardDidHideNotification-键盘已经隐藏 5、UIKeyboardWillChangeFrameNotification-键盘将要改变frame 6、UIKeyboardDidChangeFrameNotification-键盘已经改变frame
19,关闭navigationController的滑动返回手势
self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.enabled = NO;
20,设置状态栏为任意的颜色
- (void)setStatusColor
{
UIView *statusBarView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0,[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width, 20)]; statusBarView.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor]; [self.view addSubview:statusBarView]; }
21,让Xcode的控制台支持LLDB类型的打印
打开终端输入三条命令:
touch ~/.lldbinit
echo display @import UIKit >> ~/.lldbinit
echo target stop-hook add -o \"target stop-hook disable\" >> ~/.lldbinit
下次重新运行项目,然后就不报错了。
22,Label行间距
-(void)test{
NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString =
[[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:self.contentLabel.text];
NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraphStyle = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init]; [paragraphStyle setLineSpacing:3]; //调整行间距 [attributedString addAttribute:NSParagraphStyleAttributeName value:paragraphStyle range:NSMakeRange(0, [self.contentLabel.text length])]; self.contentLabel.attributedText = attributedString; }
23,UIImageView填充模式
@"UIViewContentModeScaleToFill", // 拉伸自适应填满整个视图
@"UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit", // 自适应比例大小显示
@"UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFill", // 原始大小显示 @"UIViewContentModeRedraw", // 尺寸改变时重绘 @"UIViewContentModeCenter", // 中间 @"UIViewContentModeTop", // 顶部 @"UIViewContentModeBottom", // 底部 @"UIViewContentModeLeft", // 中间贴左 @"UIViewContentModeRight", // 中间贴右 @"UIViewContentModeTopLeft", // 贴左上 @"UIViewContentModeTopRight", // 贴右上 @"UIViewContentModeBottomLeft", // 贴左下 @"UIViewContentModeBottomRight", // 贴右下
24,宏定义检测block是否可用
#define BLOCK_EXEC(block, ...) if (block) { block(__VA_ARGS__); };
// 宏定义之前的用法
if (completionBlock) {
completionBlock(arg1, arg2);
}
// 宏定义之后的用法
BLOCK_EXEC(completionBlock, arg1, arg2);