根据[1]:
'''这里面的核心就是 checkpoint 机制,Flink 使用 checkpoint 机制来进行状态保证,在 Flink 中 checkpoint 是一个定时触发的全局异步快照,并持久化到持久存储系统上(通常是分布式文件系统)。发生故障后,Flink 选择从最近的一个快照进行恢复。有用户的作业状态达到 GB 甚至 TB 级别,对这么大的作业状态做一次 checkpoint 会非常耗时,耗资源,因此我们在 Flink 1.3 中引入了增量 checkpoint 机制。
在增量 checkpoint 之前,Flink 的每个 checkpoint 都包含作业的所有状态。我们在观察到状态在 checkpoint 之间的变化并没有那么大之后,支持了增量 checkpoint。增量 checkpoint 仅包含上次 checkpoint 和本次 checkpoint 之间状态的差异(也就是“增量”)。'''
"
从 checkpoint 恢复以及性能
开启增量 checkpoint 之后,不需要再进行其他额外的配置。如果 Job 异常,Flink 的 JobMaster 会通知所有 task 从上一个成功的 checkpoint 进行恢复,不管是全量 checkpoint 还是增量 checkpoint。每个 TaskManager 会从持久化存储下载他们需要的状态文件。
尽管增量 checkpoint 能减少大状态下的 checkpoint 时间,但是天下没有免费的午餐,我们需要在其他方面进行舍弃。增量 checkpoint 可以减少 checkpoint 的总时间,但是也可能导致恢复的时候需要更长的时间。如果集群的故障频繁,Flink 的 TaskManager 需要从多个 checkpoint 中下载需要的状态文件(这些文件中包含一些已经被删除的状态),作业恢复的整体时间可能比不使用增量 checkpoint 更长。
另外在增量 checkpoint 情况下,我们不能删除旧 checkpoint 生成的文件,因为新的 checkpoint 会继续引用它们,这可能导致需要更多的存储空间,并且恢复的时候可能消耗更多的带宽。
关于控制便捷性与性能之间平衡的策略可以参考此文档:
https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-release-1.9/ops/state/large_state_tuning.html
"
从上面两段话也可以看出,如果频繁故障的话,可能并不是适合采用增量check point
具体实验步骤如下:
步骤 | 内容 |
① | mvn clean scala:compile compile package |
② | nc -lk 9999 flink run -c wordcount_increstate /home/appleyuchi/桌面/Flink_Code/flink_state/checkpoint/Scala/target/datastream_api-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
连续4次故意输入error来触发job停止(模拟生产环境中的大数据框架崩溃)
before |
③ | 选择checkpoints然后复制页面的中间一行 |
④ | flink run -s hdfs://Desktop:9000/tmp/flinkck/df6d62a43620f258155b8538ef0ddf1b/chk-22 -c wordcount_increstate /home/appleyuchi/桌面/Flink_Code/flink_state/checkpoint/Scala/target/datastream_api-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar |
⑤ | 在nc -lk 9999中输入 after after after |
可能碰到的报错:
(Python3.6) appleyuchi@Desktop:~$ flink run -s hdfs://Desktop:9000/tmp/flinkck/df6d62a43620f258155b8538ef0ddf1b/chk-22 -c StateWordCount /home/appleyuchi/桌面/Flink_Code/flink_state/checkpoint/Scala/target/datastream_api-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/appleyuchi/bigdata/flink-1.12/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.12.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/appleyuchi/bigdata/apache-tez-0.9.2-bin/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Job has been submitted with JobID 9c51b9cf4e3bd3f04fd1a65ed2b9eca7
------------------------------------------------------------
The program finished with the following exception:
org.apache.flink.client.program.ProgramInvocationException: The main method caused an error: org.apache.flink.client.program.ProgramInvocationException: Job failed (JobID: 9c51b9cf4e3bd3f04fd1a65ed2b9eca7)
at org.apache.flink.client.program.PackagedProgram.callMainMethod(PackagedProgram.java:302)
at org.apache.flink.client.program.PackagedProgram.invokeInteractiveModeForExecution(PackagedProgram.java:198)
at org.apache.flink.client.ClientUtils.executeProgram(ClientUtils.java:149)
at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.executeProgram(CliFrontend.java:699)
at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.run(CliFrontend.java:232)
at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.parseParameters(CliFrontend.java:916)
at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.lambda$main$10(CliFrontend.java:992)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1876)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.security.contexts.HadoopSecurityContext.runSecured(HadoopSecurityContext.java:41)
at org.apache.flink.client.cli.CliFrontend.main(CliFrontend.java:992)
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.flink.client.program.ProgramInvocationException: Job failed (JobID: 9c51b9cf4e3bd3f04fd1a65ed2b9eca7)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.reportGet(CompletableFuture.java:357)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.get(CompletableFuture.java:1895)
at org.apache.flink.client.program.StreamContextEnvironment.getJobExecutionResult(StreamContextEnvironment.java:116)
at org.apache.flink.client.program.StreamContextEnvironment.execute(StreamContextEnvironment.java:80)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment.execute(StreamExecutionEnvironment.java:1699)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala.StreamExecutionEnvironment.execute(StreamExecutionEnvironment.scala:699)
at StateWordCount$.main(StateWordCount.scala:21)
at StateWordCount.main(StateWordCount.scala)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.flink.client.program.PackagedProgram.callMainMethod(PackagedProgram.java:288)
... 11 more
Caused by: org.apache.flink.client.program.ProgramInvocationException: Job failed (JobID: 9c51b9cf4e3bd3f04fd1a65ed2b9eca7)
at org.apache.flink.client.deployment.ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.lambda$null$6(ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.java:116)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniApply(CompletableFuture.java:602)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniApply.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:577)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:474)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.complete(CompletableFuture.java:1962)
at org.apache.flink.client.program.rest.RestClusterClient.lambda$pollResourceAsync$22(RestClusterClient.java:602)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:760)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniWhenComplete.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:736)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:474)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.complete(CompletableFuture.java:1962)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.concurrent.FutureUtils.lambda$retryOperationWithDelay$8(FutureUtils.java:309)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:760)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniWhenComplete.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:736)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postComplete(CompletableFuture.java:474)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.postFire(CompletableFuture.java:561)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniCompose.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:929)
at java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$Completion.run(CompletableFuture.java:442)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.flink.runtime.client.JobExecutionException: Job execution failed.
at org.apache.flink.runtime.jobmaster.JobResult.toJobExecutionResult(JobResult.java:147)
at org.apache.flink.client.deployment.ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.lambda$null$6(ClusterClientJobClientAdapter.java:114)
... 19 more
Caused by: org.apache.flink.runtime.JobException: Recovery is suppressed by FixedDelayRestartBackoffTimeStrategy(maxNumberRestartAttempts=3, backoffTimeMS=2000)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.executiongraph.failover.flip1.ExecutionFailureHandler.handleFailure(ExecutionFailureHandler.java:116)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.executiongraph.failover.flip1.ExecutionFailureHandler.getFailureHandlingResult(ExecutionFailureHandler.java:78)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.DefaultScheduler.handleTaskFailure(DefaultScheduler.java:192)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.DefaultScheduler.maybeHandleTaskFailure(DefaultScheduler.java:185)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.DefaultScheduler.updateTaskExecutionStateInternal(DefaultScheduler.java:179)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.scheduler.SchedulerBase.updateTaskExecutionState(SchedulerBase.java:506)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.jobmaster.JobMaster.updateTaskExecutionState(JobMaster.java:386)
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor65.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.akka.AkkaRpcActor.handleRpcInvocation(AkkaRpcActor.java:284)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.akka.AkkaRpcActor.handleRpcMessage(AkkaRpcActor.java:199)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.akka.FencedAkkaRpcActor.handleRpcMessage(FencedAkkaRpcActor.java:74)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.rpc.akka.AkkaRpcActor.handleMessage(AkkaRpcActor.java:152)
at akka.japi.pf.UnitCaseStatement.apply(CaseStatements.scala:26)
at akka.japi.pf.UnitCaseStatement.apply(CaseStatements.scala:21)
at scala.PartialFunction$class.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:123)
at akka.japi.pf.UnitCaseStatement.applyOrElse(CaseStatements.scala:21)
at scala.PartialFunction$OrElse.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:170)
at scala.PartialFunction$OrElse.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:171)
at scala.PartialFunction$OrElse.applyOrElse(PartialFunction.scala:171)
at akka.actor.Actor$class.aroundReceive(Actor.scala:517)
at akka.actor.AbstractActor.aroundReceive(AbstractActor.scala:225)
at akka.actor.ActorCell.receiveMessage(ActorCell.scala:592)
at akka.actor.ActorCell.invoke(ActorCell.scala:561)
at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.processMailbox(Mailbox.scala:258)
at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.run(Mailbox.scala:225)
at akka.dispatch.Mailbox.exec(Mailbox.scala:235)
at akka.dispatch.forkjoin.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:260)
at akka.dispatch.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1339)
at akka.dispatch.forkjoin.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1979)
at akka.dispatch.forkjoin.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:107)
Caused by: java.lang.Exception: Exception while creating StreamOperatorStateContext.
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.streamOperatorStateContext(StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.java:204)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.AbstractStreamOperator.initializeState(AbstractStreamOperator.java:247)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.OperatorChain.initializeStateAndOpenOperators(OperatorChain.java:290)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.lambda$beforeInvoke$0(StreamTask.java:473)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTaskActionExecutor$1.runThrowing(StreamTaskActionExecutor.java:47)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.beforeInvoke(StreamTask.java:469)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.invoke(StreamTask.java:522)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.doRun(Task.java:720)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.run(Task.java:545)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.flink.util.FlinkException: Could not restore keyed state backend for StreamGroupedReduce_8169645948178b87f8ca664b8ebcd2e2_(1/2) from any of the 1 provided restore options.
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.BackendRestorerProcedure.createAndRestore(BackendRestorerProcedure.java:135)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.keyedStatedBackend(StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.java:317)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.streamOperatorStateContext(StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.java:144)
... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.flink.runtime.state.BackendBuildingException: Failed when trying to restore heap backend
at org.apache.flink.runtime.state.heap.HeapKeyedStateBackendBuilder.build(HeapKeyedStateBackendBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.state.filesystem.FsStateBackend.createKeyedStateBackend(FsStateBackend.java:540)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.lambda$keyedStatedBackend$1(StreamTaskStateInitializerImpl.java:301)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.BackendRestorerProcedure.attemptCreateAndRestore(BackendRestorerProcedure.java:142)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.BackendRestorerProcedure.createAndRestore(BackendRestorerProcedure.java:121)
... 11 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unexpected state handle type, expected: class org.apache.flink.runtime.state.KeyGroupsStateHandle, but found: class org.apache.flink.runtime.state.IncrementalRemoteKeyedStateHandle
at org.apache.flink.runtime.state.heap.HeapRestoreOperation.restore(HeapRestoreOperation.java:120)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.state.heap.HeapKeyedStateBackendBuilder.build(HeapKeyedStateBackendBuilder.java:114)
... 15 more
这种报错是因为②④中的wordcount_increstate没有保持一致.
因为我们的jar可能封装了多个实验,里面包含了多个类,一晃神,②④里面的-c后面的类就保持不一致了就会有上面的报错.
Reference: