Prototype(原型)——复制建立对象实例
通常这个需求发生在以下几个情形:
- (1)种类过多无法整合成类时
若需处理的对象种类太多,如果要一个个设成不同的类,需产生大量的源文件。 - (2)不容易利用类产生对象实例时
该对象实例的产生太复杂,很难利用类来建立。 - (3)希望把框架和所产生的对象实例分开时
希望让产生对象实例时的框架不会只存在于某些特殊类时。遇到这种情形,就不能沿用指定类名产生对象实例的做法,应该预先把用来当作“雏形”的对象实例注册进去,再以复制已注册对象实例的方式来产生对象实例。
程序示例
Product 接口
public interface Product extends Cloneable {
public void use(String s);
public Product createClone();
}
Manager 类
package framework;
import java.util.*;
public class Manager {
private Hashtable showcase = new Hashtable();
public void register(String name, Product proto) {
showcase.put(name, proto);
}
public Product create(String protoname) {
Product p = (Product)showcase.get(protoname);
return p.createClone();
}
}
MessageBox 类
public class MessageBox implements Product {
private char decochar;
public MessageBox(char decochar) {
this.decochar = decochar;
}
public void use(String s) {
int length = s.getBytes().length;
for (int i = 0; i < length + 4;i++) {
System.out.println(decochar);
}
System.out.println("");
System.out.println(decochar + " " + s + " " + decochar);
for (int i = 0; i< length + 4; i++) {
System.out.print(decochar);
}
System.out.println("");
}
public Product createClone() {
Product p = null;
try {
p = (Protect)clone();
} catch (CloneNotSuppotyedException excep) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return p;
}
}
UnderlinePen 类
import framework.*;
public class UnderlinePen implements Product {
private char ulchar;
public UnderlinePen(char ulchar) {
this.ulchar = ulchar;
}
public void use(String s) {
int length = s.getBytes().length;
System.out.println("\"" + s + "\"");
System.out.print(" ");
for (int i = 0; i< length; i++) {
System.out.print(ulchar);
}
System.out.println("");
}
public Product createClone() {
Product p = null;
try {
p = (Product)clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException excep) {
excep.printStackTrace();
}
return p;
}
}
Main 类
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] arge) {
// 预备阶段
Manager manager = new Manager();
UnderlinePen upen = new UnderlinePen('~');
MessageBox mbox = new MessageBox('*');
MessageBox sbox = new MessageBox('/');
manager.register("strong message", upen);
manager.register("warning box", mbox);
manager.register("slash box", sbox);
// 实现产生
Product p1 = manager.create("strong message");
p1.use("Hello,world.");
}
}