http://uoj.ac/problem/79
带花树模板,做法详见cyb的论文或fhq的博客。
带花树每次对一个未盖点bfs增广,遇到奇环就用并查集缩环变成花(一个点),同时记录每个点的Next(表示匹配),状态s(-1表示这个点没访问过,0表示这个点可以搜另一条相邻的未盖边,1表示这个点不能用于搜另一条相邻的未盖边),pre数组(u原先的匹配是Next[u],增广时u的匹配断掉了,u就与pre[u]进行匹配,即Next[u]=pre[u],Next[pre[u]]=u)。从一个点pre和Next交替的走出来的路径表示一条通往bfs树的根的路径(用于找到另一个未盖点后进行增广)。
时间复杂度\(O(n^3)\)。
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int N = 503;
const int M = 130003;
struct node {int nxt, to;} E[M << 1];
int Next[N], cnt = 0, point[N], n, m, qu[N], s[N], pre[N], fa[N];
void ins(int u, int v) {E[++cnt] = (node) {point[u], v}; point[u] = cnt;}
int find(int x) {return fa[x] == x ? x : (fa[x] = find(fa[x]));}
int tim = 0, vis[N];
int getlca(int u, int v) {
++tim;
while (true) {
if (u) {
if (vis[u] == tim) return u;
vis[u] = tim;
u = find(pre[Next[u]]);
}
swap(u, v);
}
}
int p, q;
void blossom(int u, int v, int lca) {
while (find(u) != lca) {
pre[u] = v;
v = Next[u];
if (s[v] == 1) {s[v] = 0; if (++q == N) q = 0; qu[q] = v;}
if (fa[v] == v) fa[v] = lca;
if (fa[u] == u) fa[u] = lca;
u = pre[v];
}
}
int match(int x) {
memset(s + 1, -1, sizeof(int) * n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) fa[i] = i;
int u, v; p = 0; q = 1;
s[qu[1] = x] = 0; pre[x] = 0;
while (p != q) {
if (++p == N) p = 0; u = qu[p];
for (int i = point[u]; i; i = E[i].nxt) {
v = E[i].to;
if (s[v] == -1) {
s[v] = 1; pre[v] = u;
if (!Next[v]) {
int last;
while (u) {
last = Next[u];
Next[u] = v; Next[v] = u;
u = pre[v = last];
}
return 1;
}
s[Next[v]] = 0; if (++q == N) q = 0; qu[q] = Next[v];
} else if (s[v] == 0 && find(u) != find(v)) {
int lca = getlca(fa[u], fa[v]);
blossom(u, v, lca);
blossom(v, u, lca);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
int u, v;
for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
ins(u, v); ins(v, u);
}
int ans = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
if (!Next[i])
ans += match(i);
printf("%d\n", ans);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
printf("%d ", Next[i]);
return 0;
}