1. 数据收集与预处理
首先,我们需要收集验证码数据集,并进行预处理以准备用于模型训练。我们可以使用Python的OpenCV库来读取验证码图像,并将其转换为适合深度学习模型的格式。
import cv2 import numpy as np # 读取并预处理验证码图像 def preprocess_image(image_path): image = cv2.imread(image_path) gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) _, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV | cv2.THRESH_OTSU) resized = cv2.resize(binary, (28, 28)) # 调整大小为模型输入尺寸 return resized # 示例:预处理验证码图像 image_path = 'captcha.png' preprocessed_image = preprocess_image(image_path)
2. 构建深度学习模型
我们将使用卷积神经网络(CNN)来构建验证码识别模型。CNN能够有效地学习图像中的特征,并对验证码进行准确的识别。
import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow.keras import layers, models # 构建CNN模型 def build_model(input_shape=(28, 28, 1), num_classes=10): model = models.Sequential([ layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=input_shape), layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)), layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'), layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)), layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'), layers.Flatten(), layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'), layers.Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax') ]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) return model # 构建模型 model = build_model()
3. 模型训练与评估
接下来,我们将使用收集到的验证码数据集对模型进行训练,并评估其性能。
# 加载数据集并进行预处理 train_images = [...] # 加载训练图像数据 train_labels = [...] # 加载训练标签数据 test_images = [...] # 加载测试图像数据 test_labels = [...] # 加载测试标签数据 train_images = np.array(train_images) / 255.0 test_images = np.array(test_images) / 255.0 # 添加通道维度 train_images = train_images[..., np.newaxis] test_images = test_images[..., np.newaxis] # 模型训练 model.fit(train_images, train_labels, epochs=10, validation_data=(test_images, test_labels)) # 模型评估 test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(test_images, test_labels) print('Test accuracy:', test_acc)
4. 模型应用与验证码识别
最后,我们可以使用训练好的模型对新的验证码进行识别。
# 对新的验证码图像进行预测 def predict_captcha(image_path): preprocessed_image = preprocess_image(image_path) preprocessed_image = np.expand_dims(preprocessed_image, axis=0) / 255.0 predictions = model.predict(preprocessed_image) predicted_label = np.argmax(predictions[0]) return predicted_label # 示例:对新的验证码图像进行预测 predicted_label = predict_captcha('new_captcha.png') print('Predicted label:', predicted_label)
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