反射知识点整理

目录(?)[-]

1. 来自CODE的代码片ReflectDemojava
2. 来自CODE的代码片Demo1java
3. 来自CODE的代码片Demo2java
4. 来自CODE的代码片Demo3java

         JAVA反射机制是在运行状态中，对于任意一个类 (class文件)，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法； 对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性；这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。
         动态获取类中信息，就是java反射 。 可以理解为对类的解剖。 要想要对字节码文件进行解剖，必须要有字节码文件对象.
下面就是创建字节码文件对象的三种方法：

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package cn . itcast . reflect . demo ; import cn.itcast.bean.Person ; /* * * 如何获取字节码文件对象呢？ * */ public class ReflectDemo { /** * @param args * @throws ClassNotFoundException */ public static void main ( String [] args ) throws ClassNotFoundException { getClassObject_3 (); } /* * 方式三： * 只要通过给定的类的 字符串名称就可以获取该类，更为扩展。 * 可是用Class类中的方法完成。 * 该方法就是forName. * 这种方式只要有名称即可，更为方便，扩展性更强。 */ public static void getClassObject_3 () throws ClassNotFoundException { String className = "cn.itcast.bean.Person" ; Class clazz = Class . forName ( className ); System . out . println ( clazz ); } /* * 方式二： * 2，任何数据类型都具备一个静态的属性.class来获取其对应的Class对象。 * 相对简单，但是还是要明确用到类中的静态成员。 * 还是不够扩展。 * */ public static void getClassObject_2 () { Class clazz = Person . class ; Class clazz1 = Person . class ; System . out . println ( clazz == clazz1 ); } /* * 获取字节码对象的方式： * 1，Object类中的getClass()方法的。 * 想要用这种方式，必须要明确具体的类，并创建对象。 * 麻烦 . * */ public static void getClassObject_1 (){ Person p = new Person (); Class clazz = p . getClass (); Person p1 = new Person (); Class clazz1 = p1 . getClass (); System . out . println ( clazz == clazz1 ); } }

来自CODE的代码片

ReflectDemo.java

创建了字节码文件对象之后，就需要使用对象去做一些事情，比如获取指定名称对应类中所体现的对象，获取其中的字段和获取其中的方法

1，获取指定名称对应类中所体现的对象

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/* * 当获取指定名称对应类中的所体现的对象时， * 而该对象初始化不使用空参数构造该怎么办呢？ * 既然是通过指定的构造 函数进行对象的初始化， * 所以应该先获取到该构造函数。 通过字节码文件对象即可完成。 * 该方法是：getConstructor(paramterTypes); * */ String name = "cn.itcast.bean.Person" ; //找寻该名称类文件，并加载进内存，并产生Class对象。 Class clazz = Class . forName ( name ); //获取到了指定的构造函数对 象。 Constructor constructor = clazz . getConstructor ( String . class , int . class ); //通过该构造器对象的newInstance方法进行对象的初始化。 Object obj = constructor . newInstance ( "小明" , 38 ); //早期：new时候，先根据被new的类的名称找寻该类的字节码文件，并加载进内存， //并创建该字节码文件对象，并接着创建该字节文件的对应的Person对象. //cn.itcast.bean.Person p = new cn.itcast.bean.Person(); //现在： String name = "cn.itcast.bean.Person" ; //找寻该名称类文件，并加载进内存，并产生Class对象。 Class clazz = Class . forName ( name ); //如何产生该类的对象呢？ Object obj = clazz . newInstance ();

来自CODE的代码片

Demo1.java

2，获取其中的字段

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/* * 获取字节码文件中的字段。 */ public static void getFieldDemo () throws Exception { Class clazz = Class . forName ( "cn.itcast.bean.Person" ); Field field = null ; //clazz.getField("age");//只能获取公有的， field = clazz . getDeclaredField ( "age" ); //只获取本类，但包含私有。 //对私有字段的访问取消权限检查。暴力访问。 field . setAccessible ( true ); Object obj = clazz . newInstance (); field . set ( obj , 89 ); Object o = field . get ( obj ); System . out . println ( o );

来自CODE的代码片

Demo2.java

3，获取其中的方法

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/* * 获取指定Class中的所有公共函数。 */ public static void getMethodDemo () throws Exception { Class clazz = Class . forName ( "cn.itcast.bean.Person" ); Method [] methods = clazz . getMethods (); //获取的都是公有的方法。 methods = clazz . getDeclaredMethods (); //只获取本类中所有方法，包含私有。 for ( Method method : methods ){ System . out . println ( method ); } } public static void getMethodDemo_2 () throws Exception { Class clazz = Class . forName ( "cn.itcast.bean.Person" ); Method method = clazz . getMethod ( "show" , null ); //获取空参数一般方法。 //Object obj = clazz.newInstance(); Constructor constructor = clazz . getConstructor ( String . class , int . class ); Object obj = constructor . newInstance ( "小明" , 37 ); method . invoke ( obj , null ); } public static void getMethodDemo_3 () throws Exception { Class clazz = Class . forName ( "cn.itcast.bean.Person" ); Method method = clazz . getMethod ( "paramMethod" , String . class , int . class ); Object obj = clazz . newInstance (); method . invoke ( obj , "小强" , 89 ); }

来自CODE的代码片

Demo3.java

以上代码全部来自于毕向东老师讲解的反射