在传统的JSP程序中,我们将HTML代码与Java代码混合在一起编写,这样虽然方便,但同时也导致页面难以维护,HTML开发人员和JSP开发人员负担加重,我们可以将这种传统的技术成为页面拉数据技术。
怎样才能做到将HTML开发和JSP开发分离呢?答案就是使用Tag技术,通过使用Tag技术,我们就可以在页面程序中不出现JSP代码,在需要数据的地方,大家先约定好标签,然后由Tag的后台处理程序去替换这些标签,显示数据。我称这种技术叫做向页面推数据,页面只要定义好格式就行了。这样,我们可以让HTML开发人员专注于页面的外观,而Java程序员则不用理会页面显示,专注于后台程序,大大提高了程序的可维护性和方便性。便于各程序员之间的协作开发。
首先你要懂一些Tag技术,然后才能阅读本文。下面是样例程序:
一、首先是替换字符串的replace函数
// 替换字符串函数
// String strSource - 源字符串
// String strFrom - 要替换的子串
// String strTo - 替换为的字符串
public static String replace(String strSource, String strFrom, String strTo)
... {
// 如果要替换的子串为空,则直接返回源串
if(strFrom == null || strFrom.equals(""))
return strSource;
String strDest = "";
// 要替换的子串长度
int intFromLen = strFrom.length();
int intPos;
// 循环替换字符串
while((intPos = strSource.indexOf(strFrom)) != -1)
...{
// 获取匹配字符串的左边子串
strDest = strDest + strSource.substring(0,intPos);
// 加上替换后的子串
strDest = strDest + strTo;
// 修改源串为匹配子串后的子串
strSource = strSource.substring(intPos + intFromLen);
}
// 加上没有匹配的子串
strDest = strDest + strSource;
// 返回
return strDest;
}
// 替换字符串函数
// String strSource - 源字符串
// String strFrom - 要替换的子串
// String strTo - 替换为的字符串
public static String replace(String strSource, String strFrom, String strTo)
... {
// 如果要替换的子串为空,则直接返回源串
if(strFrom == null || strFrom.equals(""))
return strSource;
String strDest = "";
// 要替换的子串长度
int intFromLen = strFrom.length();
int intPos;
// 循环替换字符串
while((intPos = strSource.indexOf(strFrom)) != -1)
...{
// 获取匹配字符串的左边子串
strDest = strDest + strSource.substring(0,intPos);
// 加上替换后的子串
strDest = strDest + strTo;
// 修改源串为匹配子串后的子串
strSource = strSource.substring(intPos + intFromLen);
}
// 加上没有匹配的子串
strDest = strDest + strSource;
// 返回
return strDest;
}
三、Tag的后台处理文件,负责解释标签(ListBookTag.java)
package com.book.taglib;
import java.util. * ;
import java.lang. * ;
import com.book.model.bookmodel;
import com.book.utils.StringHelper;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyContent;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
public class ListBookTag extends BodyTagSupport ... {
// 标志开始位置执行
public int doStartTag()...{
return EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED;
}
// 标志结束位置执行
public int doEndTag()throws JspTagException ...{
int max = 0;
String ListBody = null;
int number = 1;
// 获取页码信息,也就是request对象中的内容
String serialNo = pageContext.getRequest().getParameter("serialNo");
// 转换为整数
try...{
number = Integer.parseInt(serialNo);
}
catch(Exception e)...{
number = 1;
}
if (number < 1)
number = 1;
// 获取保存在Session中的数据集,当然这里也可以从数据库中取数据
Vector bookVector = (Vector)pageContext.getSession().getAttribute("bookVector");
if(number*10<bookVector.size())
max = number*10;
else
max = bookVector.size();
if(bookVector.size()>0)...{
// 获取标签内部的内容
BodyContent bc = getBodyContent();
for (int i = (number - 1) * 10; i < max; i++) ...{
// 获取一条记录
bookmodel model = (bookmodel) bookVector.get(i);
if (model == null)
model = new bookmodel();
// 替换内容(就是在这里输出数据的,替换)
String body = bc.getString();
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_SerialNo", model.getBookid());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_BookName", model.getBookname());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_Author", model.getAuthor());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_PHouse", model.getPhouse());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_Price", model.getPrice().toString());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_index", Integer.toString(i));
// 向页面输出
try...{
pageContext.getOut().print(body);
}
catch(Exception e)...{
}
}
}
return EVAL_PAGE;
}
}
package com.book.taglib;
import java.util. * ;
import java.lang. * ;
import com.book.model.bookmodel;
import com.book.utils.StringHelper;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspTagException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyContent;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
public class ListBookTag extends BodyTagSupport ... {
// 标志开始位置执行
public int doStartTag()...{
return EVAL_BODY_BUFFERED;
}
// 标志结束位置执行
public int doEndTag()throws JspTagException ...{
int max = 0;
String ListBody = null;
int number = 1;
// 获取页码信息,也就是request对象中的内容
String serialNo = pageContext.getRequest().getParameter("serialNo");
// 转换为整数
try...{
number = Integer.parseInt(serialNo);
}
catch(Exception e)...{
number = 1;
}
if (number < 1)
number = 1;
// 获取保存在Session中的数据集,当然这里也可以从数据库中取数据
Vector bookVector = (Vector)pageContext.getSession().getAttribute("bookVector");
if(number*10<bookVector.size())
max = number*10;
else
max = bookVector.size();
if(bookVector.size()>0)...{
// 获取标签内部的内容
BodyContent bc = getBodyContent();
for (int i = (number - 1) * 10; i < max; i++) ...{
// 获取一条记录
bookmodel model = (bookmodel) bookVector.get(i);
if (model == null)
model = new bookmodel();
// 替换内容(就是在这里输出数据的,替换)
String body = bc.getString();
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_SerialNo", model.getBookid());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_BookName", model.getBookname());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_Author", model.getAuthor());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_PHouse", model.getPhouse());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_Price", model.getPrice().toString());
body = StringHelper.replace(body, "$_index", Integer.toString(i));
// 向页面输出
try...{
pageContext.getOut().print(body);
}
catch(Exception e)...{
}
}
}
return EVAL_PAGE;
}
}
四、JSP页面(BookList.jsp)
< %@page contentType ="text/html; charset=GBK" % >
< %@ taglib uri ="/MyBookTag" prefix ="MyBookTag" % >
< html >
< head >
< title > 一个基于J2EE的图书DEMO </ title >
< script language ="javascript" >
function returnBack(){
document.form1.action = "BookAdmin.jsp";
}
</ script >
</ head >
< body bgcolor ="#FFFFFF" text ="#000000" leftmargin ="0" topmargin ="0" >
< h2 align ="center" >< font face ="黑体" color ="#0000CC" > 图书列表 </ font ></ h2 >
< form name ="form1" method ="post" >
< table width ="750" border ="1" cellspacing ="0" align ="center" cellpadding ="3" bordercolor ="#A5ABB6" bordercolordark ="#ffffff" >
< tr align ="center" >
< td width ="100" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 序号 </ td >
< td width ="200" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 图示名称 </ td >
< td width ="100" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 图书作者 </ td >
< td width ="200" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 出版社 </ td >
< td width ="50" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 图书价格 </ td >
< td width ="100" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 操作 </ td >
</ tr >
<!-- 这里使用标签技术,如果不用,就麻烦了,相信您一定有感触 -->
< MyBookTag:ListBook >
< tr align ="center" >
< td width ="100" height ="19" > $_SerialNo </ td >
< td width ="200" height ="19" > $_BookName </ td >
< td width ="100" > $_Author </ td >
< td width ="200" > $_PHouse </ td >
< td width ="50" height ="19" > $_Price </ td >
< td width ="100" height ="19" align ="left" >
< a href ="bookEditTable.jsp?ItemNo=$_index" >
< font color ="#0000CC" > 编辑 </ font >
</ a >
| < a href ="bookview.jsp?ItemNo=$_index" >
< font color ="#FF0000" > 查看 </ font >
</ a >
</ td >
</ tr >
</ MyBookTag:ListBook >
</ table >
< table width ="400" border ="0" >
< tr >
< td width ="100%" align ="right" >
< div align ="right" >
< input type ="submit" name ="Submit" value ="返回" onClick ="javascript:returnBack();" class ="annew1" >
</ div >
</ td >
</ tr >
</ table >
</ form >
< p align ="left" > </ p >
</ body >
</ html
< %@page contentType ="text/html; charset=GBK" % >
< %@ taglib uri ="/MyBookTag" prefix ="MyBookTag" % >
< html >
< head >
< title > 一个基于J2EE的图书DEMO </ title >
< script language ="javascript" >
function returnBack(){
document.form1.action = "BookAdmin.jsp";
}
</ script >
</ head >
< body bgcolor ="#FFFFFF" text ="#000000" leftmargin ="0" topmargin ="0" >
< h2 align ="center" >< font face ="黑体" color ="#0000CC" > 图书列表 </ font ></ h2 >
< form name ="form1" method ="post" >
< table width ="750" border ="1" cellspacing ="0" align ="center" cellpadding ="3" bordercolor ="#A5ABB6" bordercolordark ="#ffffff" >
< tr align ="center" >
< td width ="100" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 序号 </ td >
< td width ="200" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 图示名称 </ td >
< td width ="100" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 图书作者 </ td >
< td width ="200" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 出版社 </ td >
< td width ="50" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 图书价格 </ td >
< td width ="100" bgcolor ="FEFBF4" height ="41" > 操作 </ td >
</ tr >
<!-- 这里使用标签技术,如果不用,就麻烦了,相信您一定有感触 -->
< MyBookTag:ListBook >
< tr align ="center" >
< td width ="100" height ="19" > $_SerialNo </ td >
< td width ="200" height ="19" > $_BookName </ td >
< td width ="100" > $_Author </ td >
< td width ="200" > $_PHouse </ td >
< td width ="50" height ="19" > $_Price </ td >
< td width ="100" height ="19" align ="left" >
< a href ="bookEditTable.jsp?ItemNo=$_index" >
< font color ="#0000CC" > 编辑 </ font >
</ a >
| < a href ="bookview.jsp?ItemNo=$_index" >
< font color ="#FF0000" > 查看 </ font >
</ a >
</ td >
</ tr >
</ MyBookTag:ListBook >
</ table >
< table width ="400" border ="0" >
< tr >
< td width ="100%" align ="right" >
< div align ="right" >
< input type ="submit" name ="Submit" value ="返回" onClick ="javascript:returnBack();" class ="annew1" >
</ div >
</ td >
</ tr >
</ table >
</ form >
< p align ="left" > </ p >
</ body >
</ html
二、Tld文(MyBookTag.tld) 定义你的标签
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<! DOCTYPE taglib
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd" >
< taglib >
< tlib-version > 1.0 </ tlib-version >
< jsp-version > 1.2 </ jsp-version >
< short-name ></ short-name >
< tag >
< name > ListBook </ name >
< tag-class > com.book.taglib.ListBookTag </ tag-class >
< body-content > JSP </ body-content >
</ tag >
</ taglib >
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<! DOCTYPE taglib
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd" >
< taglib >
< tlib-version > 1.0 </ tlib-version >
< jsp-version > 1.2 </ jsp-version >
< short-name ></ short-name >
< tag >
< name > ListBook </ name >
< tag-class > com.book.taglib.ListBookTag </ tag-class >
< body-content > JSP </ body-content >
</ tag >
</ taglib >