edx 4G Network Essentials Week 4: Management of Data Flows 1 - Principle of Encapsulation and Tu...

By definition of a mobile network, I can be anywhere in the network.

根据移动网络的定义，我可以在网络中的任何地方。

How can data packets be transmitted to my
terminal, to the cell where I am?
This is the question we are going to answer in this video.
如何将数据包传输到我的终端，到我所在的小区？
这是我们将在本视频中回答的问题。

To understand this question, we need to go back to IP networks.
要理解这个问题，我们需要回到IP网络。

An IP network is firstly an
interconnection of different
sub-networks, represented by different
colours on this slide.
IP网络首先是不同子网络的互连，由该幻灯片上的不同颜色表示。

A sub-network is characterized by a prefix.
子网络以前缀为特征。

Each machine is necessarily on a sub-network
and its address is composed of a prefix which is
specific to that sub-network and an interface
Identifier or ID.
每台机器必须位于子网络上，其地址由特定于该子网络的前缀和接口标识符或ID组成。

Each IP packet that is transferred from one machine to another one
has both a source address and a destination address.
从一台机器传输到另一台机器的每个IP数据包都有源地址和目标地址。

Both addresses contain the prefix
and the interface ID.

两个地址都包含前缀和接口ID。

Inside an interconnection network, for example the
Internet, only the prefix is used for routing.

在互连网络（例如因特网）内部，仅使用前缀进行路由。

In our example, prefix 2 is analyzed
to route the packet towards the correct sub-network.
在我们的示例中，分析前缀2以将分组路由到正确的子网络。

If we consider mobile networks, we have a problem when a
machine is moved, from one sub-network
for instance sub-network 2 to sub-network 1.
如果我们考虑移动网络，当机器从一个子网络（例如子网络2）移动到子网络1时，我们就会遇到问题。

The designers of mobile systems when they
standardized 4G networks decided to associate a
prefix to the Packet Gateway.

移动系统的设计者在标准化4G网络时决定将前缀与分组网关相关联。

So, when I consult a server, for
instance I watch an excellent video on 4G networks on my
smart phone, the packets created by the server contain
the
destination address of my mobile terminal, that is
the UE IP address, which includes a prefix specific to the Packet Gateway.

因此，当我咨询服务器时，例如我在智能手机上观看4G网络上的精彩视频时，服务器创建的数据包包含我的移动终端的目标地址，即UE IP地址，其中包含特定于前缀
的 到分组网关。

This IP packet
is thus simply routed towards the Packet Gateway.
因此，该IP分组简单地路由到分组网关。

When we want to transmit the packet to the correct terminal,
we will first transmit it to the Serving Gateway, placing it in another IP packet.

当我们想要将数据包传输到正确的终端时，我们将首先将其发送到服务网关，将其放入另一个IP数据包。

This IP packet will have the IP address of
the Serving Gateway as its destination address.
该IP数据包将具有服务网关的IP地址作为其目标地址。

The IP packet is therefore routed
from the P-Gateway to the Serving Gateway.
因此，IP分组从P网关路由到服务网关。

Putting one IP packet in another IP packet is called “encapsulation.”
将一个IP数据包放入另一个IP数据包称为“封装”。

The same encapsulation
principle is used between the Serving Gateway and the eNode B.
在服务网关和eNode B之间使用相同的封装原理。

Here, we will have the IP address of the eNode B as its destination address.

在这里，我们将eNode B的IP地址作为其目标地址。

On the radio interface, as we saw in week 3, the
user’s IP packet is put in a transport block.
在无线电接口上，正如我们在第3周看到的那样，用户的IP数据包被放入传输块中。

This transport block is
sent to a specific RNTI, for Radio Network Temporary
Identifier that corresponds to the mobile terminal.
该传输块被发送到特定RNTI，用于对应于移动终端的无线电网络临时标识符。

Let’s look again at what happens at the core of a 4G network.
让我们再看一下4G网络核心的情况。

Between the Serving Gateway and the Packet
Gateway, we have an IP network made up of different routers.
在服务网关和分组网关之间，我们有一个由不同路由器组成的IP网络。

Independently of the interconnection
of these routers, placing the IP packet intended
for the terminal in another IP packet that contains the
address
of the Serving Gateway, means that this IP packet is
routed automatically to the Serving Gateway.

独立于这些路由器的互连，将用于终端的IP分组放置在包含服务网关的地址的另一个IP分组中，意味着该IP分组被自动路由到服务网关。

So, every packet that leaves the Packet Gateway is sent
towards the Serving Gateway.
因此，离开分组网关的每个数据包都将发送到服务网关。

In other words, we have a mechanism that acts like a tunnel,
a mandatory passage so to speak, between the Packet
Gateway and the Serving Gateway.
换句话说，我们在分组网关和服务网关之间有一个类似于隧道的机制，可以说是强制性的通道。

You won’t be surprised that we call this principle, “tunneling.”
我们称这个原则为“隧道”，你不会感到惊讶。

The same principle is used
between the Serving Gateway and the eNode B;
we have therefore a second tunnel.

服务网关和eNode B之间使用相同的原则;因此我们有第二个隧道。

And then, transmission on the radio interface.
然后，在无线电接口上传输。

In a few words to make it clear, IP packets
that should be transmitted to a mobile terminal are
systematically routed to the P-Gateway.

简而言之，应该传输到移动终端的IP分组被系统地路由到P网关。

They are then put in other IP packets within the 4G core network:
this operation is called encapsulation.
然后将它们放入4G核心网络内的其他IP数据包中：此操作称为封装。

These packets are transmitted hop-by-hop
to the terminal as if they were in a “tunnel”
from the P-Gateway to the S-Gateway and from the S-Gateway
to
the eNodeB where the mobile is.
这些数据包逐跳传输到终端，好像它们处于从P网关到S网关以及从S网关到移动设备所在的eNodeB的“隧道”中。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sec875/articles/9970528.html