XPath可以快速定位到Xml中的节点或者属性。XPath语法很简单,但是强大够用,它也是使用xslt的基础知识。
XPath的语法最基本的节点之间用/,属性用@,还有几个函数记住了基本问题就可以解决了。可以随时查手册
示例Xml:
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
pets
>
<
cat
color
=
"black"
weight
=
"10"
>
<
price
>100</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a black cat</
desc
>
</
cat
>
<
cat
color
=
"white"
weight
=
"9"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a white cat</
desc
>
</
cat
>
<
cat
color
=
"yellow"
weight
=
"15"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a yellow cat</
desc
>
</
cat
>
<
dog
color
=
"black"
weight
=
"10"
>
<
price
>100</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a black dog</
desc
>
</
dog
>
<
dog
color
=
"white"
weight
=
"9"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a white dog</
desc
>
</
dog
>
<
dog
color
=
"yellow"
weight
=
"15"
>
<
price
>80</
price
>
<
desc
>this is a yellow dog</
desc
>
</
dog
>
</
pets
>
|
XPath的语法:
1. XPath中的符号
符号 | 说明 | 示例 | 示例说明 |
/ | 表示从根节点开始选择 | /pets | 选择根节点pets |
表示节点和子节点之间的间隔符 | /pets/dog | 选择pets节点下的dog节点 | |
//xx | 表示从整个xml文档中查找,而不考虑当前节点位置 | //price | 选择文档中所有的price节点 |
. | 单个英文半角句点表示选择当前节点 | /pets/. | 选择pets节点 |
.. | 双点,表示选择父节点 | /pets/dog[0]/.. | 表示pets节点,也就是第一个dog节点的父节点 |
@xx | 表示选择属性 | //dog/@color | 表示选择所有dog节点的color属性集合 |
[…] | 中括号表示选择条件,括号内为条件 | //dog[@color=’white’] | 所有color为white的dog节点 |
//dog[/price<100] | 所有price字节点值小于100的dog节点 | ||
中括号内数字为节点索引,类似c#等语言中的数组,数组下标是从1开始的 | //dog[1] | 第1个dog节点 | |
//dog[last()] | 最后一个dog节点,last()是xPath内置函数 | ||
| | 单竖杠表示合并节点结合 | //dog[@color=’white’] | //cat[@color=’white’] | color属性为white的dog节点和color属性为white的cat节点 |
* | 星号表示任何名字的节点或者属性 | //dog/* | 表示dog节点的所有子节点 |
//dog/@* | 表示dog节点的所有属性节点 |
关键字 | 说明 | 示例 | 示例说明 |
ancestor | 当前节点的父祖节点 | ancestor::pig | 当前节点的祖先节点中的pig节点 |
ancestor-or-self | 当前节点以及其父祖节点 | ancestor::pig | |
attribute | 当前节点的所有属性 | attribute::weight | 相当于@weight,attribute::和@是等价的 |
child | 当前节点的所有字节点 | child::*[name()!=’price’] | 选择名字不是price的子节点 |
descendant | 子孙节点 | descendant::*[@*] | 有属性的子孙节点 |
descendant-or-self | 子孙节点以及当前节点 | descendant-or-self::* | |
following | Xml文档中当前节点之后的所有节点 | following::* | |
following-sibling | 当前节点的同父弟弟节点 | following-sibling:: | |
preceding | Xml文档中当前节点之前的所有节点 | preceding::* | |
namespace | 选取当前节点的所有命名空间节点 | namespace::* | |
parent | 当前节点的父节点 | parent:: | 相当于双点.. |
preceding-sibling | 当前节点之后的同父兄节点 | preceding-sibling::* | |
self | 当前节点 | self::* | 相当于单点. |
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using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Text;
using
System.Xml.XPath;
using
System.Xml;
namespace
UseXPathDotNet
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
UseXPathWithXPathDocument();
UseXPathWithXmlDocument();
Console.Read();
}
static
void
UseXPathWithXmlDocument()
{
XmlDocument doc =
new
XmlDocument();
//使用xPath选择需要的节点
XmlNodeList nodes = doc.SelectNodes(
"/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]"
);
foreach
(XmlNode item
in
nodes)
{
string
title = item.SelectSingleNode(
"title"
).InnerText;
string
url = item.SelectSingleNode(
"link"
).InnerText;
Console.WriteLine(
"{0} = {1}"
, title, url);
}
}
static
void
UseXPathWithXPathDocument()
{
XPathNavigator xPathNav = doc.CreateNavigator();
//使用xPath取rss中最新的10条随笔
XPathNodeIterator nodeIterator = xPathNav.Select(
"/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]"
);
while
(nodeIterator.MoveNext())
{
XPathNavigator itemNav = nodeIterator.Current;
string
title = itemNav.SelectSingleNode(
"title"
).Value;
string
url = itemNav.SelectSingleNode(
"link"
).Value;
Console.WriteLine(
"{0} = {1}"
,title,url);
}
}
}
}
|
XPath使用示例,请看下面的代码注释
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using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Text;
using
System.IO;
using
System.Xml;
namespace
UseXPath1
{
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
string
xml =
@"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8"" ?>
<pets>
<cat color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""4"">
<price>100</price>
<desc>this is a black cat</desc>
</cat>
<cat color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""5"">
<price>80</price>
<desc>this is a white cat</desc>
</cat>
<cat color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""1"">
<price>110</price>
<desc>this is a yellow cat</desc>
</cat>
<dog color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""7"">
<price>114</price>
<desc>this is a black dog</desc>
</dog>
<dog color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""4"">
<price>80</price>
<desc>this is a white dog</desc>
</dog>
<dog color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""15"">
<price>80</price>
<desc>this is a yellow dog</desc>
</dog>
<pig color=""white"" weight=""100"" count=""2"">
<price>8000</price>
<desc>this is a white pig</desc>
</pig>
</pets>"
;
using
(StringReader rdr =
new
StringReader(xml))
{
XmlDocument doc =
new
XmlDocument();
doc.Load(rdr);
//取所有pets节点下的dog字节点
XmlNodeList nodeListAllDog = doc.SelectNodes(
"/pets/dog"
);
//所有的price节点
XmlNodeList allPriceNodes = doc.SelectNodes(
"//price"
);
//取最后一个price节点
XmlNode lastPriceNode = doc.SelectSingleNode(
"//price[last()]"
);
//用双点号取price节点的父节点
XmlNode lastPriceParentNode = lastPriceNode.SelectSingleNode(
".."
);
//选择weight*count=40的所有动物,使用通配符*
XmlNodeList nodeList = doc.SelectNodes(
"/pets/*[@weight*@count=40]"
);
//选择除了pig之外的所有动物,使用name()函数返回节点名字
XmlNodeList animalsExceptPigNodes = doc.SelectNodes(
"/pets/*[name() != 'pig']"
);
//选择价格大于100而不是pig的动物
XmlNodeList priceGreaterThan100s = doc.SelectNodes(
"/pets/*[price div @weight >10 and name() != 'pig']"
);
foreach
(XmlNode item
in
priceGreaterThan100s)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.OuterXml);
}
//选择第二个dog节点
XmlNode theSecondDogNode = doc.SelectSingleNode(
"//dog[position() = 2]"
);
//使用xpath ,axes 的 parent 取父节点
XmlNode parentNode = theSecondDogNode.SelectSingleNode(
"parent::*"
);
//使用xPath选择第二个dog节点前面的所有dog节点
XmlNodeList dogPresibling = theSecondDogNode.SelectNodes(
"preceding::dog"
);
//取文档的所有子孙节点price
XmlNodeList childrenNodes = doc.SelectNodes(
"descendant::price"
);
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
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