.NET IO(四) Encoding 之二

先看以下Encoding的定义，命名空间和继承关系：（位于System.Text命名空间，继承自Object）

[SerializableAttribute]
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public abstract class Encoding : ICloneable

Encoding是个抽象类，系统默认的给他提供了几个实现类。

Encoding is the process of transforming a set of Unicode characters into a sequence of bytes. In contrast, decoding is the process of transforming a sequence of encoded bytes into a set of Unicode characters.

编码就是把Unicode字符集转化为字节串的过程。反之，解码就是把经过编码的字节串转化为Unicode字符的过程。

Encoding类提供了几个属性：Default，Unicode，ASCII，UTF8等，属性都返回的还是Encoding类的对象。

如果这些仍然不能满足要求，可以使用GetEncoding来返回具体的Encoding对象。

GetEncoding(Int32)	Returns the encoding associated with the specified code page identifier.
GetEncoding(String)	Returns an encoding associated with the specified code page name.

Encoding中重要的方法为GetEncoder，GetDecoder，GetBytes，GetBytesCount，GetChars，GetCharsCount等。其中前两个分别取得对应的编码器和解码器。后四个取得编码和解码的Byte或者Char数。其实这些分别定义在Decoder类和Encoder类中。但是这两个类均为抽象类，要想获得其实例，需要通过Encoding的get方法取得。

 下面是MSDN中提供的一个例子，列出了怎么实现从一种编码到另一种编码的转换

    class ConvertExampleClass
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            string unicodeString = "This string contains the unicode character Pi(/u03a0)";

            // Create two different encodings.
            Encoding ascii = Encoding.ASCII;
            Encoding unicode = Encoding.Unicode;

            // Convert the string into a byte[].
            byte[] unicodeBytes = unicode.GetBytes(unicodeString);

            // Perform the conversion from one encoding to the other.
            byte[] asciiBytes = Encoding.Convert(unicode, ascii, unicodeBytes);

            // Convert the new byte[] into a char[] and then into a string.
            // This is a slightly different approach to converting to illustrate
            // the use of GetCharCount/GetChars.
            char[] asciiChars = new char[ascii.GetCharCount(asciiBytes, 0, asciiBytes.Length)];
            ascii.GetChars(asciiBytes, 0, asciiBytes.Length, asciiChars, 0);
            string asciiString = new string(asciiChars);

            // Display the strings created before and after the conversion.
            Console.WriteLine("Original string: {0}", unicodeString);
            Console.WriteLine("Ascii converted string: {0}", asciiString);
            Console.Read();
        }
    }