Java发送邮件

此文转载于：https://www.cnblogs.com/hafiz/p/5526833.html#4033151

 

Java发送邮件初窥

 

一、背景

　　最近朋友的公司有用到这个功能，之前对这一块也不是很熟悉，就和他一起解决出现的异常的同时，也初窥一下使用Apache Common Email组件进行邮件发送。

二、Java发送邮件的注意事项

　　1.不同的邮箱有不同的支持协议，比如有些只支持SSL协议，有些只支持TLS协议，还有些同时支持SSL和TLS协议。

　　2.支持不同协议的邮箱，在使用Java发送邮件时要使用不同的方式发送，下面我会介绍基于SSL和TLS的两种实现方式。

　　附：常用邮箱的服务器(Smtp/POP3)地址和端口总结

三、代码实现

说明：本例采用Apache Common Email组件进行开发。

1.发送邮件实体类

 1 package com.hafiz.zhang.mail.entity;
 2 
 3 import java.io.Serializable;
 4 import java.util.List;
 5 
 6 import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailAttachment;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * @author hafiz.Zhang
10  * @Date 2016年5月23日 下午2:40:36
11  * @Description 邮件实体类
12  */
13 public class MailEntity implements Serializable{
14     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1589570366044890462L;
15     public static final String ENCODING = "UTF-8";    //邮件编码
16     private String host;                            　//服务器地址
17     private String port;                              //发送端口
18     private String sender;                            //发件人邮箱
19     private List<String> receiver;                    //收件人邮箱
20     private List<String> copier;                      //抄送人
21     private String senderName;                        //发件人昵称
22     private String userName;                          //发件邮箱账号
23     private String password;                          //发件邮箱密码
24     private String subject;                           //邮件主题
25     private String content;                           //邮件内容(支持HTML)
26     private List<EmailAttachment> attachments;        //邮件附件
27     public String getHost() {
28         return host;
29     }
30     public void setHost(String host) {
31         this.host = host;
32     }
33     public String getPort() {
34         return port;
35     }
36     public void setPort(String port) {
37         this.port = port;
38     }
39     public String getSender() {
40         return sender;
41     }
42     public void setSender(String sender) {
43         this.sender = sender;
44     }
45     public List<String> getReceiver() {
46         return receiver;
47     }
48     public void setReceiver(List<String> receiver) {
49         this.receiver = receiver;
50     }
51     public List<String> getCopier() {
52         return copier;
53     }
54     public void setCopier(List<String> copier) {
55         this.copier = copier;
56     }
57     public String getSenderName() {
58         return senderName;
59     }
60     public void setSenderName(String senderName) {
61         this.senderName = senderName;
62     }
63     public String getUserName() {
64         return userName;
65     }
66     public void setUserName(String userName) {
67         this.userName = userName;
68     }
69     public String getPassword() {
70         return password;
71     }
72     public void setPassword(String password) {
73         this.password = password;
74     }
75     public String getSubject() {
76         return subject;
77     }
78     public void setSubject(String subject) {
79         this.subject = subject;
80     }
81     public String getContent() {
82         return content;
83     }
84     public void setContent(String content) {
85         this.content = content;
86     }
87     public List<EmailAttachment> getAttachments() {
88         return attachments;
89     }
90     public void setAttachments(List<EmailAttachment> attachments) {
91         this.attachments = attachments;
92     }
93     @Override
94     public String toString() {
95         return "MailEntity [host=" + host + ", port=" + port + ", sender=" + sender + ", receiver=" + receiver
96                 + ", copier=" + copier + ", senderName=" + senderName + ", userName=" + userName + ", password="
97                 + password + ", subject=" + subject + ", content=" + content + ", attachments=" + attachments + "]";
98     }
99 }

 注：实体类代码比较臃肿，建议使用lombok进行简化，lombok的使用方式见我的另一篇博客：Java简化代码神器-Lombok

2.发送邮件支持协议列举类

 1 package com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.factory;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * @author hafiz.Zhang
 5  * @Date 2016年5月25日 下午12:08:59
 6  * @Description 列举发送邮件的可用协议
 7  */
 8 public class Protocols {
 9     //SSL协议
10     public static String SSL_MAIL_UTIL = "com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.SSLMailUtil";
11     //TLS协议
12     public static String TLS_MAIL_UTIL = "com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.TLSMailUtil";
13 }

 

3.发送邮件工具接口类

 1 package com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools;
 2 
 3 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.entity.MailEntity;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * @author hafiz.Zhang
 7  * @Date 2016年5月23日 下午3:26:15
 8  * @Description 邮件发送接口类
 9  */
10 public interface IMailUtil {
11     /** 
12      * @Author hafiz.Zhang
13      * @Description:  发送邮件
14      * @param    mail要发送邮件的实体类
15      * @return Boolean   发送结果
16      */
17     public abstract Boolean send(MailEntity mail);
18 }

 

4.基于SSL协议发送邮件工具实现类

 1 package com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools;
 2 
 3 import java.util.List;
 4 
 5 import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailAttachment;
 6 import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailException;
 7 import org.apache.commons.mail.HtmlEmail;
 8 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 9 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
10 
11 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.entity.MailEntity;
12 
13 /**
14  * @author hafiz.Zhang
15  * @Date 2016年5月23日 下午3:09:13
16  * @Description 通过SSL方式发送邮件工具类
17  */
18 public class SSLMailUtil implements IMailUtil{
19     private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SSLMailUtil.class);
20     
21     public Boolean send(MailEntity mail) {
22         // 创建待发送的emil对象
23         HtmlEmail email = new HtmlEmail();
24         try {
25             
26             // 设置SMTP发送服务器的名字：163的如下："smtp.163.com"
27             email.setHostName(mail.getHost());
28             //设置端口号
29             if(null != mail.getPort()) {
30                 email.setSmtpPort(Integer.parseInt(mail.getPort()));
31             }
32             // 设置邮件字符编码集
33             email.setCharset(MailEntity.ENCODING);
34             // 设置抄送人
35             email.addCc(mail.getCopier().toArray(new String[mail.getCopier().size()]));
36             // 设置发送人的邮箱
37             email.setFrom(mail.getSender(), mail.getSenderName());
38             // 收件人的邮箱
39             email.addTo(mail.getReceiver().toArray(new String[mail.getReceiver().size()]));
40             // 如果需要认证信息的话，设置认证：用户名-密码。分别为发件人在邮件服务器上的注册名称和密码
41             email.setAuthentication(mail.getUserName(), mail.getPassword());
42             // 设置要发送的邮件主题
43             email.setSubject(mail.getSubject());
44             // 设置要发送的信息，由于使用了HtmlEmail，可以在邮件内容中使用HTML标签
45             email.setMsg(mail.getContent());
46             // 设置附件
47             List<EmailAttachment> attachments = mail.getAttachments();
48             if(null != attachments && attachments.size() > 0) {
49                 for(EmailAttachment attachment : attachments) {
50                     email.attach(attachment);
51                 }
52             }
53             // 发送
54             email.send();
55             
56             log.info(mail.getSender() + " 发送邮箱到 " + mail.getReceiver());
57 
58             return true;
59         } catch (EmailException e) {
60             log.error(mail.getSender() + " 发送邮箱到 " + mail.getReceiver() + " 失败,错误原因：" + e.getMessage());
61             e.printStackTrace();
62         }
63         return false;
64     }
65 }

 

5.基于TLS协议的发送邮件实现类

 1 package com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools;
 2 
 3 import java.util.List;
 4 import java.util.Properties;
 5 
 6 import javax.mail.Session;
 7 
 8 import org.apache.commons.mail.DefaultAuthenticator;
 9 import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailAttachment;
10 import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailException;
11 import org.apache.commons.mail.HtmlEmail;
12 import org.slf4j.Logger;
13 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
14 
15 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.entity.MailEntity;
16 
17 /**
18  * @author hafiz.Zhang
19  * @Date 2016年5月23日 下午3:23:15
20  * @Description 通过TLS协议发送邮件工具类
21  */
22 public class TLSMailUtil implements IMailUtil{
23     private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TLSMailUtil.class);
24     
25     public Boolean send(MailEntity mail){
26         HtmlEmail email = new HtmlEmail();
27         try {
28             Properties prop = new Properties();
29             // 设置SMTP发送服务器的名字：163的如下："smtp.163.com"
30             prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", mail.getHost());
31             // 设置SMTP发送服务器的端口
32             prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", mail.getPort());
33             // 设置是否需要认证
34             prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
35             // 开启TLS加密方式
36             prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
37             // 添加信任的服务器
38             prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.ssl.trust", mail.getHost());
39             // 进行认证并获取需要的session
40             DefaultAuthenticator defaultAuthenticator = 
41                     new DefaultAuthenticator(mail.getUserName(), mail.getPassword());
42             Session session = Session.getInstance(prop,defaultAuthenticator);
43             email.setMailSession(session);
44             // 设置字符编码集
45             email.setCharset(MailEntity.ENCODING);
46             // 设置发送人的邮箱
47             email.setFrom(mail.getSender(), mail.getSenderName());
48             // 设置收件人的邮箱
49             email.addTo(mail.getReceiver().toArray(new String[mail.getReceiver().size()]));
50             // 设置抄送人
51             email.addCc(mail.getCopier().toArray(new String[mail.getCopier().size()]));
52             // 设置要发送的邮件主题
53             email.setSubject(mail.getSubject());
54             // 设置要发送的信息，由于使用了HtmlEmail，可以在邮件内容中使用HTML标签
55             email.setMsg(mail.getContent());
56             // 设置附件
57             List<EmailAttachment> attachments = mail.getAttachments();
58             if(null != attachments && attachments.size() > 0) {
59                 for(EmailAttachment attachment : attachments) {
60                     email.attach(attachment);
61                 }
62             }
63             // 发送
64             email.send();
65             log.info(mail.getSender() + " 发送邮箱到 " + mail.getReceiver());
66             return true;
67         } catch (EmailException e) {
68             log.error(mail.getSender() + " 发送邮箱到 " + mail.getReceiver() + " 失败,错误原因：" + e.getMessage());
69             e.printStackTrace();
70         }
71         return false;
72     }
73 }

注意：

　　1.如果没有设置开启TLS加密方式的代码（上面代码中标红处），则会出现Caused by: com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPSendFailedException: 530 5.7.57 SMTP; Client was not authenticated to send anonymous mail during MAIL FROM异常，异常图片如下：

　　2.如果没有设置添加信任的主机服务器的代码（上面代码中标红处），则会出现：Caused by: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not convert socket to TLS;异常，异常图片如下：

 

6.获取邮件发送类的工厂类

 1 package com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.factory;
 2 
 3 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 4 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 5 
 6 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.IMailUtil;
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * @author hafiz.Zhang
10  * @Date 2016年5月23日 下午3:43:15
11  * @Description 获取邮件发送类的工厂类
12  */
13 public class MailUtilsFactory {
14     private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MailUtilsFactory.class);
15     
16     private MailUtilsFactory() {
17         super();
18     }
19 
20     public static IMailUtil getMailUtil(String name) {
21         IMailUtil mailUtil = null;
22         try {
23             mailUtil = (IMailUtil)Class.forName(name).newInstance();
24         } catch (Exception e) {
25             logger.error("获取邮件发送类失败,失败原因:" + e.getMessage());
26             e.printStackTrace();
27         }
28         return mailUtil;
29     }
30 }

 

7.测试类

 1 package com.hafiz.zhang.mail.test;
 2 
 3 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 4 import java.net.URL;
 5 import java.util.ArrayList;
 6 import java.util.List;
 7 
 8 import org.apache.commons.mail.Email;
 9 import org.apache.commons.mail.EmailAttachment;
10 
11 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.entity.MailEntity;
12 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.IMailUtil;
13 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.factory.MailUtilsFactory;
14 import com.hafiz.zhang.mail.tools.factory.Protocols;
15 
16 /**
17  * @author hafiz.Zhang
18  * @Date 2016年5月23日 下午3:39:52
19  * @Description 两种方式发送邮件的测试类
20  */
21 public class TestMailSender {
22     public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
23         MailEntity mail = new MailEntity();
24         mail.setHost("smtp.163.com");
25         mail.setSender("xxx@163.com");
26         mail.setPort("25");
27         mail.setUserName("xxx@163.com");
28         mail.setPassword("xxxxx");
29         //设置收件人
30         List<String> receiver = new ArrayList<String>();
31         receiver.add("xxx@qq.com");
32 　　　　 //设置抄送人
33         List<String> copier = new ArrayList<String>();
34         copier.add("xxx@163.com");
35 
36         List<EmailAttachment> attachments = new ArrayList<EmailAttachment>();
37         // 添加本地附件
38         EmailAttachment att = new EmailAttachment();
39         att.setDescription("这是附件图片");
40         att.setDisposition(EmailAttachment.ATTACHMENT);
41         att.setName("好看的图片.png");
42         att.setPath("C:\\Users\\ZHF\\Desktop\\333.png");
43         attachments.add(att);
44         // 添加网络附件
45         EmailAttachment att2 = new EmailAttachment();
46         att2.setDescription("这是网络附件");
47         att2.setDisposition(EmailAttachment.ATTACHMENT);
48         att2.setName("网络附件.jpg");
49         att2.setURL(new URL("http://7xpsw5.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/41a9ccf2-2a22-44bd-aa3b-8e8779db1caf.jpg"));
50         attachments.add(att2);
51 
52         mail.setAttachments(attachments);
53         mail.setCopier(copier);
54         mail.setReceiver(receiver);
55         mail.setSubject("测试邮件发送主题");
56 　　　　 // String string = "<html><head></head><body><div>测试Java发送邮件内容</div></body></html>";
57         String string = "测试Java发送邮件内容";
58         mail.setContent(string);
59         // IMailUtil mailUtil = MailUtilsFactory.getMailUtil(Protocols.SSL_MAIL_UTIL);
60         IMailUtil mailUtil = MailUtilsFactory.getMailUtil(Protocols.TLS_MAIL_UTIL);
61         mailUtil.send(mail);
62         System.out.println("邮件发送成功");
63     }
64 }

 

8.工程pom.xml文件（由于本例使用maven工程）

 1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 2   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 3   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 4 
 5   <groupId>com.hafiz.zhang</groupId>
 6   <artifactId>sendEmail</artifactId>
 7   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 8   <packaging>jar</packaging>
 9 
10   <name>sendEmail</name>
11   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
12 
13   <properties>
14     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
15   </properties>
16 
17   <dependencies>
18      <dependency>
19          <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
20          <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
21          <version>1.4</version>
22      </dependency>
23      <dependency>
24         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
25         <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
26         <version>1.6.4</version>
27      </dependency>
28      <dependency>
29         <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
30         <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
31         <version>1.6.4</version>
32      </dependency>
33      <dependency>
34          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
35          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
36          <version>1.2.16</version>
37      </dependency>
38      <dependency>
39          <groupId>junit</groupId>
40          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
41          <version>4.12</version>
42      </dependency>
43   </dependencies>
44 </project>

至于，本文为何采用slf4j而不是直接采用log4j进行日志控制输出，详见另一篇博客：slf4j介绍以及实现原理窥探

 

9.日志输出格式文件

 1 ### set log levels ###
 2 log4j.rootLogger = DEBUG ,  stdout , D , E , F
 3 
 4 ### \u8F93\u51FA\u5230\u63A7\u5236\u53F0 ###
 5 log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
 6 log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out
 7 log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
 8 log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern =  %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %p ] [ %l-%t:%r ] %m%n
 9 
10 ## \u8F93\u51FA\u5230\u65E5\u5FD7\u6587\u4EF6 ###
11 log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
12 log4j.appender.D.DatePattern = '.'yyyyMMdd
13 log4j.appender.D.File = logs/api/warn.log
14 log4j.appender.D.Append = true
15 log4j.appender.D.Threshold = WARN
16 log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
17 log4j.appender.D.encoding=UTF-8
18 log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %p ] [ %l-%t:%r ] %m%n
19 
20 ## \u4FDD\u5B58\u5F02\u5E38\u4FE1\u606F\u5230\u5355\u72EC\u6587\u4EF6 ###
21 log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
22 log4j.appender.E.File = logs/api/error.log
23 log4j.appender.E.DatePattern = '.'yyyyMMdd
24 log4j.appender.E.Append = true
25 log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR
26 log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
27 log4j.appender.E.encoding=UTF-8
28 log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %p ] [ %l-%t:%r ] %m%n
29 
30 ## \u4FDD\u5B58\u5F02\u5E38\u4FE1\u606F\u5230\u5355\u72EC\u6587\u4EF6 ###
31 log4j.appender.F = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
32 log4j.appender.F.File = logs/api/debug.log
33 log4j.appender.F.DatePattern = '.'yyyyMMdd
34 log4j.appender.F.Append = true
35 log4j.appender.F.Threshold = DEBUG
36 log4j.appender.F.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
37 log4j.appender.F.encoding=UTF-8
38 log4j.appender.F.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %p ] [ %l-%t:%r ] %m%n

 

测试结果：

 

邮件实际收到的内容：

为了保证以后的兼容性，本例采用了工厂设计模式，有什么不正确的或需要改进的，请各位批评指导，谢谢！

附：项目结构图

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/JonaLin/p/11090487.html