一、首先,先来了解一下SpringMVC到底是个什么样的框架?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了Web MVC设计模式的请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架,即使用了MVC架构模式的思想,将web层进行职责解耦,基于请求驱动指的就是使用请求-响应模型,框架的目的就是帮助我们简化开发。
二、SpringMVC的工作原理:
1. 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查询一个或多个HandlerMapping,找到处理请求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller
4. Controller调用业务逻辑处理后,返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查询一个或多个ViewResoler视图解析器,找到ModelAndView指定的视图
6. 视图负责将结果显示到客户端
三、了解了springmvc的工作原理之后,我们自己动手来搭建一下吧:
1. 在创建好的maven工程上加入springmvc所依赖的jar包:
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span><dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.8.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
2. 配置web.xml,配置前段控制器DispatcherServlet
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span><servlet>
- <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
3. 在web-inf 下创建springmvc配置文件,[servletname]-servlet.xml
如上面的配置,文件名必须为dispatcher -servlet.xml
- <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
- <mvc:annotation-driven/>
- <!-- 自动扫描的包名 -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.acxiom"/>
- <!-- 对静态资源文件的访问 -->
- <mvc:resources location="/resources/" mapping="/resources/**" />
- <!-- spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
- <!-- 视图解释类 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix" value=""></property>
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 从请求和响应读取/编写字符串 -->
- <bean id="stringHttpMessage" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
- <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
- <list>
- <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
4. 配置HandlerMapping 根据benaname找到对应Conntroller( 可以省略)
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerBeanNameHandlerMapping"></bean>
5. 创建JSP页面,需要发出请求的页面
6. 创建自己的Controller继承AbstractController重写handleRequestInternal
在这里,我们着重来学习下页面参数的传递与接收。
Controller中传递请求参数:
1)第一种 通过request对象 或者 session对象
- @RequestMapping(value="/add1.do")
- public String add(HttpServletRequest request){
- String userNumber = request.getParameter("userNumber");
- String passWord = request.getParameter("passWord");
- System.out.println("userNumber:"+userNumber+" passWord:"+passWord);
- return "user_add1";
- }
2)第二种 参数字段跟页面字段一致
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>@RequestMapping(value="/add2.do")
- public String add(String userNumber,Integer passWord){
- System.out.println("<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">userNumber</span>:"+userNumber+" passWord:"+passWord);
- return "user_add2";
- }
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>@RequestMapping(value="/add2.do")
- public String add(@RequestParam(value="number")String userNumber,Integer passWord){
- System.out.println("userNumber:"+userNumber+" passWord:"+passWord);
- return "user_add2";
- }
3)第三种 通过对象方式,要求表单字段要跟pojo类字段一致,如果页面有复选框,pojo类中定义数组。
- @RequestMapping(value="/add3.do")
- public String add3(UserInfo user){
- System.out.println(user);
- return "user_add3";
- }
返回数据到页面:
1)第一种 通过request对象setAttribute ,也可以使用session对象
- @RequestMapping(value="/add1.do")
- public String add(HttpServletRequest request){
- String userNumber = request.getParameter("userNumber");
- String passWord = request.getParameter("passWord");
- System.out.println("userNumber:"+userNumber+" passWord:"+passWord);
- String str = "userNumber:"+userNumber+" passWord:"+passWord;
- request.setAttribute("user", str);
- return "user_add1";
- }
2)第二种 ModelAndView
- @RequestMapping(value="/add2.do")
- public ModelAndView add2(){
- ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("user_add2");
- mav.addObject("userId", 1001);
- mav.addObject("userName", "张三");
- return mav;
- }
3)第三种 通过Model对象
- @RequestMapping(value="/add3.do")
- public String add3(Model model){
- model.addAttribute("personId", 9527);
- model.addAttribute("personName", "唐伯虎");
- return "user_add3";
- }
4)第四种 通过map
- @RequestMapping(value="/add4.do")
- public String add4(Integer personId,String userName,Map map){
- System.out.println(personId);
- System.out.println(userName);
- map.put("personId", 9527);
- map.put("personName", "唐伯虎");
- return "user_add4";
- }
首先在springmvc-servlet.xml中配置:
- <!-- 用于将对象转化为JSON -->
- <bean id="jsonConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"></bean>
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
- <property name="messageConverters">
- <list>
- <ref bean="stringHttpMessage"/>
- <ref bean="jsonConverter"/>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
然后在controller中注入ResponseBody讲返回对象作为json返回到页面
- @RequestMapping("/ajaxUser2.do")
- public @ResponseBody UserInfo ajaxUser(Integer userId){
- System.out.println("编号:"+userId);
- UserInfo user = new UserInfo();
- user.setUserId(userId);
- user.setUserName("张三");
- user.setUserAge(18);
- return user;