http://www.cnblogs.com/o-to-s/articles/6881646.html
停止数据库的命令:
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pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA [-m
shutdown
-mode]
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shutdown-mode有如下几种模式:
1. smart: 等所有的连接中止后,关闭数据库。如果客户端连接不终止, 则无法关闭数据库。
开启一个空会话:
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[root@localhost ~]
# su - postgres
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.4.4)
Type
"help"
for
help.
postgres=
#
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用smart关闭数据库:
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[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA -m smart
waiting
for
server to shut down............................................................... failed
pg_ctl: server does not shut down
HINT: The
"-m fast"
option immediately disconnects sessions rather than
waiting
for
session-initiated disconnection
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2. fast: 快速关闭数据库, 断开客户端的连接,让已有的事务回滚,然后正常关闭数据库。
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[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA -m fast
waiting
for
server to shut down....
done
server stopped
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查看关闭日志:
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LOG: received fast
shutdown
request
LOG: aborting any active transactions
FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator
command
LOG: shutting down
LOG: database system is shut down
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会话被强制中断,然后关闭数据库。
起一个事务,然后测试关闭:
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postgres=
# create table t(id int primary key, name varchar(9));
CREATE TABLE
postgres=
# begin;
BEGIN
postgres=
# insert into t values(1,'a')
postgres-
# ;
INSERT 0 1
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不提交, 然后用FAST MODE去关闭数据库:
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[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA -m fast
waiting
for
server to shut down....
done
server stopped
查看日志:
LOG: received fast
shutdown
request
LOG: aborting any active transactions
LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down
FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator
command
LOG: shutting down
LOG: database system is shut down
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同样是直接中断会话, 而不去管事务有没有提交。
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postgres=
# select * from t;
id
| name
----+------
(0 rows)
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没有提交的数据, 在重启之后并不能查到。
3. immediate: 立即关闭数据库,立即停止数据库进程,直接退出,下次启动时会进行实例恢复。
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postgres=
# insert into t values(1,'a')
;
INSERT 0 1
postgres=
# select * from t;
id
| name
----+------
1 | a
(1 row)
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关闭数据库:
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[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl stop -D $PGDATA -m immediate
waiting
for
server to shut down....
done
server stopped
查看日志:
LOG: received immediate
shutdown
request
WARNING: terminating connection because of crash of another server process
DETAIL: The postmaster has commanded this server process to roll back the current transaction and
exit
, because another server process exited abnormally and possibly corrupted shared memory.
HINT: In a moment you should be able to reconnect to the database and repeat your
command
.
WARNING: terminating connection because of crash of another server process
DETAIL: The postmaster has commanded this server process to roll back the current transaction and
exit
, because another server process exited abnormally and possibly corrupted shared memory.
HINT: In a moment you should be able to reconnect to the database and repeat your
command
.
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启动数据库:
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[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl -D
/apps/pgsql/pgdata
-l 1.log start
server starting
查看日志:
LOG: database system was interrupted; last known up at 2017-04-27 18:56:47 PDT
LOG: database system was not properly shut down; automatic recovery
in
progress
#提示非正常关机,自动开启恢复。
LOG: redo starts at 0
/181F910
LOG: record with zero length at 0
/181FA90
LOG: redo
done
at 0
/181FA60
LOG: last completed transaction was at log
time
2017-04-27 18:59:13.727213-07
LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG: autovacuum launcher started
LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
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查看数据:
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[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
psql (9.4.4)
Type
"help"
for
help.
postgres=
# select * from t;
id
| name
----+------
1 | a
(1 row)
|
提交的数据已通过实例恢复。
小结:
对比以上三种关库模式:
smart最为安全,但最慢, 需要将所有连接都断开后,才会关库,默认关库模式。
fast强制中断会话,而不管有操作有没有提交,在做系统维护(系统维护时一般应用都正常关闭了,或者不再会有事务操作。)时,需要这种模式来关闭数据库。
immediate最暴力的方式,不管数据有没有落盘(POSGRE是遵循WAL机制),就直接关掉, 待启动时进行实例恢复, 如果在关库前有大量的事务没有写入磁盘, 那这个恢复过程可能会非常的漫长。