C++ 注释、数据类型

1. 注释两种形式

i. /*开始，*/结束，可以跨行

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    /* printf 函数输出文本
     * 注释可以跨行
     */
    printf("Hello, world!\n");
    return 0;
}

ii. //开始，直至行末。

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    // printf 函数输出文本
    printf("Hello, world!\n");
    return 0;
}

2. C++数据类型

i. 显示当前计算机各个类型值

#include<iostream>  
#include<string>  
#include<limits>  
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl;
	cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(bool);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();
	cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(char);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();
	cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed char);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();
	cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned char);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();
	cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(wchar_t);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();
	cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(short);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();
	cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(int);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned long);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(double);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long double);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(float);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(size_t);
	cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();
	cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(string) << endl;
	// << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;  
	cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

ii. typedef 声明

// typedef type newname
typedef int zhengxing     //zhengxing 成为int的另一个名字
zhengxing height     //创建整形变量height

iii. 枚举类型 关键字（enum）

/* 定义一个动物枚举，
 * 变量k的类型是animal，并被赋值为koala。
 */
enum animal{ monkey, donkey, giraffe, koala } k;
k = koala

/* 默认第一个名称值为0，第二个为1， and so on。
 * 但是，可以给名称赋特殊值，不影响前值，但后值会有变化。
 */
enum animal{ monkey, donkey = 8, giraffe, koala );