面向对象封装

#
# _警告
# __不运行'A' object has no attribute '__money'
# 1.对数据进行破坏性访问：
class Data:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


d=Data('d',12)
d.age=1000
print(d.age)#1000，不符合常识
#
# #---------------------------------------------------------------------
# # 2.加一个下划线，形成约定。大家看到一个下划线,就不会访问他。但并不能保证一定能够受到保护
class Data:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self._name = name
        self._age = age


d = Data('d', 12)
d._age = 1000
print(d._age)#1000

# #---------------------------------------------------------------------
# # 3.加两个下划线，强制保护
class Data:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.__name = name
        self.__age = age

    def set_name(self,name):
        self.__name = name

    def set_age(self,age):
            self.__age = age

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    def get_age(self):
        return self.__age
d=Data('d',12)
d.set_age(109)
d.set_name('n')
print(d.get_name(),d.__age())#报错，没有__属性，达到强制保护

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# 封装步骤：1-2-3
class Data:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.__name = name#1，属性全部私有化
        self.__age = age

    def set_name(self,name):#2，设置对应方法
        self.__name = name

    def set_age(self,age):
        if age>100:#3，方法内添加访问限制条件，保护敏感类型
            print("无法修改·")
        else:
            self.__age = age

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    def get_age(self):
        return self.__age
d=Data('d',12)
d.set_age(109)
d.set_name('n')
print(d.get_age(),d.get_name())

# 'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'
# 封装后的小bug
class Data:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.__name = name
        self.__age = age

    def set_name(self,name):
        self.__name = name

    def set_age(self,age):
        if age>100:
            print("无法修改·")
        else:
            self.__age = age

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    def get_age(self):
        return self.__age
d=Data('d',12)
d.set_age(109)
d.set_name('n')
d._Data__age=120
print(d.get_age(),d.get_name())#120,n;避开了set方法中的条件限制，更改了数据
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 单个对象拥有的扩展属性
class Data:

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.__name = name
        self.__age = age

    def set_name(self,name):
        self.__name = name

    def set_age(self,age):
        if age>100:
            print("无法修改·")
        else:
            self.__age = age

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    def get_age(self):
        return self.__age
d=Data('d',12)
# 对象d添加nickname,h没有添加
d.nickname='k'
d.jj='l'
h=Data('d',12)
print(d.nickname, d.jj)#k，1
print(h.nickname)#'Data' object has no attribute 'nickname'
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 处理扩展属性办法
class Data:
    # 处理扩展属性办法
    __slots__ = ['__name', '__age', 'nickname']

    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.__name = name
        self.__age = age

    def set_name(self,name):
        self.__name = name

    def set_age(self,age):
        if age>100:
            print("无法修改·")
        else:
            self.__age = age

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    def get_age(self):
        return self.__age
d=Data('d',12)
d.nickname='k'
d.jj='l'
h=Data('d',12)
print(h.nickname)#
print(d.nickname, d.jj)#'Data' object has no attribute 'jj'
# nickname可以添加，jj不能添加，没有定义在__slots__中