工厂模式强制用一个通用的工厂(factory)来创建对象,而不允许将创建对象的代码散布于整个系统。如果程序中所有需要创建对象的代码都转到这个工厂执行,那么再增加新对象时的所要做的全部工作就是只需修改工厂。这种设计是众所周知的工厂方法的一种变体。
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cstddef>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
//#include "../purge.h"
using namespace std;
class Shape {
public:
virtual void draw() = 0;
virtual void erase() = 0;
virtual ~Shape() {}
class BadShapeCreation : public logic_error {
public:
BadShapeCreation(string type)
: logic_error("Cannot create type " + type) {}
};
static Shape* factory(const string& type)
throw(BadShapeCreation);
};
class Circle : public Shape {
Circle() {} // Private constructor
friend class Shape;
public:
void draw() { cout << "Circle::draw" << endl; }
void erase() { cout << "Circle::erase" << endl; }
~Circle() { cout << "Circle::~Circle" << endl; }
};
class Square : public Shape {
Square() {} // Private constructor
friend class Shape;
public:
void draw() { cout << "Square::draw" << endl; }
void erase() { cout << "Square::erase" << endl; }
~Square() { cout << "Square::~Square" << endl; }
};
Shape* Shape::factory(const string& type)
throw(Shape::BadShapeCreation) {
if(type == "Circle") return new Circle;
if(type == "Square") return new Square;
throw BadShapeCreation(type);
}
char* sl[] = { "Circle", "Square", "Square",
"Circle", "Circle", "Circle", "Square" };
int main() {
vector<Shape*> shapes;
try {
for(size_t i = 0; i < sizeof sl / sizeof sl[0]; i++)
shapes.push_back(Shape::factory(sl[i]));
} catch(Shape::BadShapeCreation e) {
cout << e.what() << endl;
/* purge(shapes); */
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
for(size_t i = 0; i < shapes.size(); i++) {
shapes[i]->draw();
shapes[i]->erase();
}
/* purge(shapes); */
}
在添加新的Shape类型时,函数factory()是当前系统中惟一需要修改的代码。
选自《C++编程思想》。