sql语句（数据库中表和表自己本身关联查询）

 

例子1：

select a.name 城市,b.name 地区,c.name 乡镇,d.name 道路 
from address a
join address  b on b.parentid = a.id
join address  c on c.parentid = b.id
join address  d on d.parentid = c.id
where d.name = '凌兆路';

例子2：

在数据库中有这样一张表格，其中主要包含三个字段，GoodsId(货物编号),TypeId(类型编号),State(状态)。货物编号不重复，GoodsId与TypeId之间属于N对1的关系，State为状态主要分为两种“null”和“1”，“null”表示该货物未卖出UnSold，“1”表示货物Sold。现在有如下业务，统计出类型编号下有多少货物Sold，多少货物UnSold。

　最后需要统计出(输出)的结果为：

建表语句

-- 建表语句
CREATE TABLE Goods(
    GoodsId VARCHAR(255),
    TypeId VARCHAR(255),
    State VARCHAR(255)
);

--- 插入语句
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('001','1','1');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('002','1','null')
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('003','1','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('004','1','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('005','1','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('006','1','1');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('001','2','1');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('002','2','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('003','2','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('004','2','1');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('005','2','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('006','2','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('007','2','1');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('008','2','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('001','3','1');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('002','3','null');
insert into Goods(GoodsId,TypeId,State) values('003','3','null');

在上述问题中无疑所要用到的重点就是表格自身关联，以及计数方法count函数，以及分组group by等。在此根据题目提出的问题，我们需要用到的表格连接方法为内连接(inner join)。因为在表中存在至少一个匹配时，INNER JOIN 关键字返回行。

select g1.TypeId,count(*)AS Sold,g3.UnSold from Goods g1 
inner join 
(select TypeId,count(*)AS UnSold from Goods g2 WHERE State='null'
group by g2.TypeId) g3 
on g1.TypeId = g3.TypeId
WHERE State ='1' group by g1.TypeId,g3.UnSold