警告:不要恶意的访问网站,仅供学习使用!
本教程实例只抓取信息系统集成及服务资质网的企业资质查询。
1. 抓包
打开谷歌浏览器的开发者工具并访问该网站,过滤请求后找到请求数据的包。
1.1 找到相应封包
1.2 分析(解析)参数a
参数a的值先base64解密,在进行2次url解密得到如下结果:
["{\"parameters\":[{\"name\":\"type\",\"value\":1,\"flag\":11,\"group\":null}],\"order\":\"approvaldate desc,qualificationlevel,createtime\",\"pageNum\":1,\"pageSize\":200,\"name\":\"miitzzbcompany\",\"getCodeValue\":true,\"codetypes\":[{\"name\":\"qualificationlevel\",\"code\":\"MIITTYPE\"}],\"isgis\":false,\"javaClass\":\"com.longrise.LEAP.BLL.Cache.SearchBuilder\"}"]
这里面可以看出是json格式的参数,而控制翻页的参数是pageNum,pageSize:200是代表请求的每页数据200条(网站默认200条/页);
因为字符\
为转义字符,故在编程时候需要用\\
来替代。
1.2 分析(解析)返回结果
分析结果一般是为了进行处理,存储数据做准备的;
不过现在的这个返回结果的内容过于丰富,除了必要的企业信息,竟然还有很全面的信息概况(提前知道页数、总条数等会变得主动);如下图:
我这里不进行处理存储了,只是进行测试访问。
2. python编程: urllib2, requests
这里只要构造一个post封包请求即可。
我用三种方法(工具)来进行测试;
2.1 urllib2
#-*- coding:utf-8 –*- 定义源代码的编码
#!/usr/bin/env python
'''
Created on 2016年10月15日
@author: baoluo
'''
import sys
import urllib
import urllib2
import cookielib
import base64
import time
import logging
#reload(sys)
#sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") #设置默认的string的编码格式
urllib2.socket.setdefaulttimeout(60) #全局:超时时间(s)
class Browser(object):
def __init__(self):
super(Browser, self).__init__()
sys.stdout.flush()
self.cookie = cookielib.CookieJar()
self.handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(self.cookie)
self.opener = urllib2.build_opener(self.handler)
urllib2.install_opener(self.opener)
def addHeaders(self, name, value):
self.opener.addheaders.append((name, value))
def doGet(self, url):
req = urllib2.Request(url)
req = self.opener.open(req)
return req
def doPost(self, url, payload = None):
req = urllib2.Request(url, data = payload)
req = self.opener.open(req)
return req
class GetTable(object):
"""docstring for GetTable"""
def __init__(self):
super(GetTable, self).__init__()
self.browser = Browser()
def getParameter(self,page_index):
a = '["{\\"parameters\\":[{\\"name\\":\\"type\\",\\"value\\":1,\\"flag\\":11,\\"group\\":null}],\\"order\\":\\"approvaldate desc,qualificationlevel,createtime\\",\\"pageNum\\":' + str(page_index) + ',\\"pageSize\\":100,\\"name\\":\\"miitzzbcompany\\",\\"getCodeValue\\":true,\\"codetypes\\":[{\\"name\\":\\"qualificationlevel\\",\\"code\\":\\"MIITTYPE\\"}],\\"isgis\\":false,\\"javaClass\\":\\"com.longrise.LEAP.BLL.Cache.SearchBuilder\\"}"]'
encode1 = urllib.quote(a)
encode2 = urllib.quote(encode1)
encode3 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(encode2)
return encode3
def main(self):
url_list2 = "http://www.csi-s.org.cn/LEAP/Service/RPC/RPC.DO?callService=web&method=beanSearch&sid=D00A7D61E08645F21A2E79CDF5B81B05.03&rup=http://www.csi-s.org.cn/&_website_=*"
self.browser.addHeaders("Cookie","JSESSIONID=D00A7D61E08645F21A2E79CDF5B81B05.03; Hm_lvt_4cb69a1c792de0898e02ec2bb7eadf7b=1476254714; Hm_lpvt_4cb69a1c792de0898e02ec2bb7eadf7b=1476372505")
self.browser.addHeaders('Host', 'www.csi-s.org.cn')
self.browser.addHeaders('Origin', 'http://www.csi-s.org.cn')
self.browser.addHeaders('Data-Type', '4')
self.browser.addHeaders('Post-Type', '1')
self.browser.addHeaders('Referer', 'http://www.csi-s.org.cn/LEAP/MIITModule/SystemBag/miitzzbcompanylist2.html')
self.browser.addHeaders('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.102 Safari/537.36')
for page_index in range(1, 2):
post_data = "a=" + self.getParameter(3)
#print post_data
try:
req = self.browser.doPost(url_list2, post_data)
if 200 == req.getcode():
res = req.read()
print res
else:
print req.getcode()
except Exception, e:
print logging.exception(e)
finally:
time.sleep(3) #等待时间
if __name__ == '__main__':
GetTable().main()
2.2 requests
# -*- encoding: utf8 -*-
'''
Created on 2016年10月15日
@author: baoluo
'''
import requests
import time
import sys
import os
import urllib
import base64
import logging
import threading
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding( 'utf-8' )
class Grab_Data(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
super(Grab_Data, self).__init__()
sys.stdout.flush()
self.ses = requests.Session()
def doGet(self, url):
print '-get-header:',header
req = self.ses.get(url, headers=header, timeout=15)
return req
def doPost(self, url, payload):
print '-post-header:',header
req = self.ses.post(url, data=payload, headers=header, timeout=30)
return req
def getParameter(self,page_index):
a = '["{\\"parameters\\":[{\\"name\\":\\"type\\",\\"value\\":1,\\"flag\\":11,\\"group\\":null}],\\"order\\":\\"approvaldate desc,qualificationlevel,createtime\\",\\"pageNum\\":' + str(page_index) + ',\\"pageSize\\":100,\\"name\\":\\"miitzzbcompany\\",\\"getCodeValue\\":true,\\"codetypes\\":[{\\"name\\":\\"qualificationlevel\\",\\"code\\":\\"MIITTYPE\\"}],\\"isgis\\":false,\\"javaClass\\":\\"com.longrise.LEAP.BLL.Cache.SearchBuilder\\"}"]'
encode1 = urllib.quote(a)
encode2 = urllib.quote(encode1)
encode3 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(encode2)
return encode3
def run(self):
header['Cookie']= "JSESSIONID=D00A7D61E08645F21A2E79CDF5B81B05.03; Hm_lvt_4cb69a1c792de0898e02ec2bb7eadf7b=1476254714; Hm_lpvt_4cb69a1c792de0898e02ec2bb7eadf7b=1476372505"
#header.setdefault('Host', 'www.csi-s.org.cn')
#header.setdefault('Origin', 'http://www.csi-s.org.cn')
header.setdefault('Data-Type', '4')
header.setdefault('Post-Type', '1')
header.setdefault('Referer', 'http://www.csi-s.org.cn/LEAP/MIITModule/SystemBag/miitzzbcompanylist2.html')
url_list2 = "http://www.csi-s.org.cn/LEAP/Service/RPC/RPC.DO?callService=web&method=beanSearch&sid=D00A7D61E08645F21A2E79CDF5B81B05.03&rup=http://www.csi-s.org.cn/&_website_=*"
try:
print "page=",page
data= "a="+ self.getParameter(page)
req = self.doPost(url_list2,data)
if 200==req.status_code:
print req.text
else:
print "HttpError:",req.status_code
except Exception, e:
print "Error" ,sys.exc_info()
if __name__ == '__main__':
header = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:28.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/28.0'}
try:
for page in xrange(5,6):
t = Grab_Data()
t.start()
t.join()
#break
time.sleep(3) #等待时间
except Exception, e:
print logging.exception(e)
3. python编程: Selenium + openpyxl
#-*- encoding:utf-8 –*-
#!/usr/bin/env python
'''
Created on 2016年10月16日
@author: baoluo
'''
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from time import sleep,time
from datetime import datetime
import random
import json
import sys,os
import logging
from re import findall
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
def now_time():
return datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
class GrabDate(object):
"""docstring for GrabDate"""
def __init__(self):
super(GrabDate, self).__init__()
self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
self.browser.set_window_size(1024,777)
self.browser.implicitly_wait(10) #设置隐式等待时间
def find_element(self, by=By.XPATH, value=None):
try: self.browser.find_element(by=by, value=value)
except NoSuchElementException, e: return False
return True
def parser(self):
try:
if '信息系统集成及服务资质网' in self.browser.title:
#切换到iframe表单(内嵌页面) iframe(id='famebody')
self.browser.switch_to.frame('famebody')
#获取总页数,条数: 1/45页 1/8953条 200条/页
table_page_info = self.browser.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='childbody']/div[2]/div/font").text
print 'table_page_info: ',table_page_info
if '正在查询' in table_page_info:
return
pageNum = findall(r'\d+/(\d+)页',str(table_page_info))
print "pageNum: ", pageNum
#pageNum = 2
ep = int(pageNum[0]) #尾页:ep,默认尾页是最大页数
sp = 22 #开始页:sp
#设置开始页、尾页(适用于中途断网,或者有选择的爬)
if sp != 1:
#输入起始页,点击 跳转
self.browser.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='childbody']/div[2]/div/input[5]").clear()#清空
self.browser.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='childbody']/div[2]/div/input[5]").send_keys(str(sp))
self.browser.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='childbody']/div[2]/div/input[6]").click()
for page in xrange(sp, ep+1):
print str(page)+'/'+str(ep) + "page Time: ",now_time()
#切换到iframe表单(内嵌页面) iframe(id='famebody')
if self.find_element(by=By.ID, value="famebody"):
self.browser.switch_to.frame('famebody')
#查找表格是否加载进来
if self.find_element(value=".//*[@id='childbody']/div[1]/table/tbody"):
#获取当页 数据的条数
table_tbody_tr = self.browser.find_elements_by_xpath(".//*[@id='childbody']/div[1]/table/tbody/tr")
print 'list lengh:',len(table_tbody_tr)
trs = ['']*7
for tr in xrange(1,len(table_tbody_tr)+1):
for td in xrange(1,7+1):
xpath = ".//*[@id='childbody']/div[1]/table/tbody/tr["+str(tr)+"]/td["+str(td)+"]"
trs[td-1] = self.browser.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).text
#print trs
#一行写一次
self.writeLine_xlsx(trs)
# 下一页
self.browser.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='childbody']/div[2]/div/input[3]").click()
#等待页面加载....
sleep(3)
else:
print 'net error'
except Exception, e:
print logging.exception(e)
finally:
print '---end---'
#self.browser.quit
def writeLine_xlsx(self, _list):
fname = u"集成企业资质查询.xlsx"
init = ('序号','企业名称', '资质证书编号','发证日期','证书有效期','资质等级','所属省市')
#文件不存在则创建
if not os.path.isfile('./'+fname):
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.freeze_panes = ws["A2"]
for i in xrange(len(init)):
ws.cell(row=1, column=(i+1), value= init[i])
wb.save(fname)
wrf = load_workbook(filename = fname)
wr = wrf.worksheets[0]
#查看当前行数
rows_len = len(wr.rows)+1
for col in xrange(7):
wr.cell(row=rows_len, column=(col+1), value= str(_list[col]))
wrf.save(fname)
def grab(self):
url = 'http://www.csi-s.org.cn/miit_webmap/miit_jcqy/'
self.browser.get(url)
sleep(5)
self.parser() #解析网站
if __name__ == '__main__':
GrabDate().grab()
我只测试了23页,效率低的很意外。。。
分析了慢的原因主要有2个:解析200条数据和一次写一行。
就这个程序生成的带4600条数据(7列)的文档,我只测试两种情况:
(一行/条数据指的是 1-7 组成的7列)
a)一次写一条数据,这样平均写一条数据就要2.8秒左右(估计大部分时间都花在文件的开闭了)
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from time import time
t0 = time()
print t0
for x in xrange(1,50):
print time()
fname = 't.xlsx'
wrf = load_workbook(filename = fname)
wr = wrf.worksheets[0]
rows_len = len(wr.rows)+1
for col in xrange(7):
wr.cell(row=rows_len, column=(col+1), value= str(col))
wrf.save(fname)
t1=time()
print t1
print t1-t0
b)一次写200条数据,这样只需要20秒左右。
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from time import time
t0 = time()
print t0
for x in xrange(1,2):
print time()
fname = 't.xlsx'
wrf = load_workbook(filename = fname)
wr = wrf.worksheets[0]
for x1 in xrange(200):
rows_len = len(wr.rows)+1
for col in xrange(7):
wr.cell(row=rows_len, column=(col+1), value= str(col))
wrf.save(fname)
t1=time()
print t1
print t1-t0
最后放结果:
参考: