1、先说二叉树的遍历,遍历方式:
前序遍历:先遍历根结点,然后左子树,再右子树
中序遍历:先遍历左子树,然后根结点,再右子树
后续遍历:先遍历左子树,然后右子树,再根结点
上代码:主要还是利用递归
function TreeCode() { let BiTree = function (ele) { this.data = ele; this.lChild = null; this.rChild = null; } this.createTree = function () { let biTree = new BiTree('A'); biTree.lChild = new BiTree('B'); biTree.rChild = new BiTree('C'); biTree.lChild.lChild = new BiTree('D'); biTree.lChild.lChild.lChild = new BiTree('G'); biTree.lChild.lChild.rChild = new BiTree('H'); biTree.rChild.lChild = new BiTree('E'); biTree.rChild.rChild = new BiTree('F'); biTree.rChild.lChild.rChild = new BiTree('I'); return biTree; } } //前序遍历 function ProOrderTraverse(biTree) { if (biTree == null) return; console.log(biTree.data); ProOrderTraverse(biTree.lChild); ProOrderTraverse(biTree.rChild); } //中序遍历 function InOrderTraverse(biTree) { if (biTree == null) return; InOrderTraverse(biTree.lChild); console.log(biTree.data); InOrderTraverse(biTree.rChild); } //后续遍历 function PostOrderTraverse(biTree) { if (biTree == null) return; PostOrderTraverse(biTree.lChild); PostOrderTraverse(biTree.rChild); console.log(biTree.data); } let myTree = new TreeCode(); console.log(myTree.createTree()); console.log('前序遍历') ProOrderTraverse(myTree.createTree()); console.log('中序遍历') InOrderTraverse(myTree.createTree()); console.log('后续遍历') PostOrderTraverse(myTree.createTree());
二叉树的非递归遍历
深度优先遍历(主要利用栈的先进后出)
广度优先遍历(主要利用队列的先进先出)
//深度优先非递归 function DepthFirstSearch(biTree) { let stack = []; stack.push(biTree); while (stack.length != 0) { let node = stack.pop(); console.log(node.data); if (node.rChild) { stack.push(node.rChild); } if (node.lChild) { stack.push(node.lChild); } } } //广度优先非递归 function BreadthFirstSearch(biTree) { let queue = []; queue.push(biTree); while (queue.length != 0) { let node = queue.shift(); console.log(node.data); if (node.lChild) { queue.push(node.lChild); } if (node.rChild) { queue.push(node.rChild); } } }
深度优先主要是利用栈,先压右子树,再压左子树
广度优先主要利用队列,先入左子树,再入右子树
深度优先的遍历结果与前序遍历相同ABDGHCEIF,广度优先的遍历结果是 ABCDEFGHI
2、创建二叉树
1中创建二叉树的方式过于笨拙,假入我们根据完全二叉树的模型建立自己的二叉树,空数据的地方用#表示,如下图所示我们称之为扩展二叉树,我们取其前序遍历的序列 AB#D##C##。
上代码:也是利用递归
//前序遍历得到的字符串 let strArr = 'AB#D##C##'.split(''); function BiTree(ele) { this.data = ele; this.lChild = null; this.rChild = null; } var newTree = new BiTree('#'); function createBiTree(biTree) { if (strArr.length == 0) return; let str = strArr.shift(); if (str == '#') return; biTree.data = str; if (strArr[0] != '#') { biTree.lChild = new BiTree('#') } createBiTree(biTree.lChild); if (strArr[0] != '#') { biTree.rChild = new BiTree('#') } createBiTree(biTree.rChild); } createBiTree(newTree); console.log(newTree); ProOrderTraverse(newTree)
你也可以用中序遍历或者后序遍历实现二叉树的创建,代码里生成结点和构建左右子树的代码顺序交换一下就行了