一.环境准备
a.关闭selinxu
b.关闭iptables
c.centos6.5
d.postgresql9.4.4
master：192.168.1.211
slave: 192.168.1.212
时间同步：
#同步系统时间
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/localtime
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y ntpdate
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u 202.120.2.101 && hwclock -w
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpdate && systemctl start ntpdate # 如果在启动ntp时报错，那是端口号被占用了，如下处理
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y lsof
[root@localhost ~]# lsof -i:123
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 $进程号
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpdate && systemctl start ntpdate
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u 202.120.2.101 && hwclock -w
二.安装，master && slave 一样
四、源码包安装
1、在三台安装依赖包
yum -y install gcc*
yum -y install readline-devel
2、在三台增加用户
# adduser postgres
3. 下载PostgreSQL 源码包
# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.4/postgresql-9.4.4.tar.bz2
4. 解压源码包
# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.4.tar.bz2 #需要安装 yum install -y bzip2
5. 进入解压后的目录
# cd postgresql-9.4.4
6.开始编译安装PostgreSQL 数据库。
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]#make
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# make install
7.设置环境
pgsql
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# vi /etc/profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
保存退出。
让环境变量生效
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# source /etc/profile
8.初始化数据库
8.1新建数据目录
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# mkdir /data/pg/data
8.2更改权限
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# chown postgres:postgres /data/pg/data
8.3切换到postgres用户
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# su - postgres
8.4 init db
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /data/pg/data
到这里数据的初始化就完成
9.系统服务
9.1回到root用户
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ exit
9.2复制安装目录下的linux文件/etc/init.d/
进入postgresql的安装目录
[root@postgresql01 postgres]# cd /root/postgresql-9.4.4/
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql
9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql 注意：红色是修改部分
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.4]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 98 02
# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS
# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such
# as is used on Linux systems. You should edit some of the variables
# and maybe the 'echo' commands.
#
# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to
# /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql
# /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql
# /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql
# /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql
# /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql
# /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql
# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:
# chkconfig --add postgresql
#
# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock
# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network
# settings, so you should treat this with care.
# Original author: Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net>
# contrib/start-scripts/linux
## EDIT FROM HERE
# Installation prefix
prefix=/usr/local/pgsql
# Data directory
PGDATA="/data/pg/data"
# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")
PGUSER=postgres
# Where to keep a log file
PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"
# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the
# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because
# of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value
# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably
# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that
# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.
#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000
# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead
# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.
# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".
#OOM_ADJ=-17
## STOP EDITING HERE
# The path that is to be used for the script
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait
# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.
# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)
DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"
# What to use to shut down the postmaster
PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"
set -e
# Only start if we can find the postmaster.
test -x $DAEMON ||
{
echo "$DAEMON not found"
if [ "$1" = "stop" ]
then exit 0
else exit 5
fi
}
# Parse command line parameters.
case $1 in
start)
echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "
test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj
test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
echo "ok"
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"
echo "ok"
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"
test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj
test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
echo "ok"
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"
echo "ok"
;;
status)
su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"
;;
*)
# Print help
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
9.4启动数据库
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# cd /etc/init.d
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chmod +x postgresql
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start
9.5让数据库开机启动
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chkconfig postgresql on
9.6创建数据操作历史记录文件
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# touch /usr/local/pgsql/.pgsql_history
[root@postgresql01 postgresql-9.4.4]# chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/.pgsql_history
10.测试使用
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ createdb test
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql test
psql (9.4.4)
Type "help" for help.
test=#
源码编译安装成功
这里安装以后要把数据库停掉，省的后面端口被占用后，配置改完了，重启不生效，楼主就是这个小问题导致试验了好几次都不成功，切记，装完把数据库停掉。
三.配置master
首先，在 vi pg_hba.conf
host all all 192.168.1.0/24 md5
host replication repluser 192.168.1.0/24 md5
其次，vi postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '*'
max_connections = 100
wal_level = hot_standby
max_wal_senders = 5
wal_keep_segments=16
在主库增加同步的用户名与密码
[postgres@postgresql01 ~]$ psql -d postgres
psql (9.4.3)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# CREATE ROLE repluser REPLICATION LOGIN PASSWORD '123456';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=#
启动master
四.配置standby
首先把数据库数据目录下的内容删除
cd /data/pg/data
rm -rf *
然后执行基础备份
[root@pg-slave data]# pg_basebackup -h 192.168.1.211 -U repluser -F p -x -P -R -D /data/pg/data/ -l repluserbackup20170913
执行完后，由于使用了R选项，所以会生成recovery.conf文件
vi recovery.conf
standby_mode = 'on'
primary_conninfo = 'user=repluser password=123456 host=192.168.1.211 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1'
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
vi postgresql.conf
hot_standby = on
启动standby
这里启动时要确保数据库之前没有启动，端口没被占用，这样修改的配置文件才会生效。切记
五.验证
在master上建个表，插入数据
postgres=# create table test01(id int primary key, note text);
postgres=# insert into test01 values(1,'11111');
postgres=# insert into test01 values(3,'22222');
postgres=# insert into test01 values(3,'33333');
postgres=# insert into test01 values(4,'44444');
postgres=# select * from test01;
id | note
----+-------
1 | 11111
2 | 22222
3 | 33333
4 | 44444
(4 rows)
postgres=#
在slave上
postgres=# select * from test01;
id | note
----+-------
1 | 11111
2 | 22222
3 | 33333
4 | 44444
(4 rows)
还有一点就是，在master上执行
postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
pg_is_in_recovery
-------------------
f
(1 row)
而在slave上
postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
pg_is_in_recovery
-------------------
t
(1 row)
在master
postgres=# select client_addr,sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
client_addr | sync_state
---------------+------------
192.168.1.212 | async
(1 row)
说明94是从服务器，在接收流，而且是异步流复制。
此外，还可以分别在主、从节点上运行 ps aux | grep postgres 来查看进程：
主服务器（211）上：
[postgres@pg-master ~]$ ps aux | grep postgres
postgres 1193 0.0 1.2 262720 13020 ? S 16:56 0:00 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /data/pg/data
postgres 1195 0.0 0.3 262820 3020 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 1196 0.0 0.2 262720 2228 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 1197 0.0 0.5 262720 5192 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: wal writer process
postgres 1198 0.0 0.1 263148 1788 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
postgres 1199 0.0 0.0 118012 988 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 1281 0.0 0.2 263352 2340 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: wal sender process repluser 192.168.1.212(38215) streaming 0/30194E0
root 1414 0.0 0.1 145452 1608 pts/0 S 19:11 0:00 su - postgres
postgres 1415 0.0 0.1 108320 1884 pts/0 S 19:11 0:00 -bash
postgres 1445 0.0 0.1 110252 1172 pts/0 R+ 19:19 0:00 ps aux
postgres 1446 0.0 0.0 103260 876 pts/0 S+ 19:19 0:00 grep postgres
可以看到有一个 wal sender 进程。
从服务器（212）上：
[postgres@pg-slave ~]$ ps aux | grep postgres
postgres 1155 0.0 1.4 265236 14660 ? S 17:31 0:00 /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /data/pg/data
postgres 1156 0.0 0.1 265336 1696 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: startup process recovering 000000010000000000000003
postgres 1157 0.0 0.2 265336 2520 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres 1158 0.0 0.2 265236 2048 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 1159 0.0 0.0 117860 900 ? Ss 17:31 0:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres 1160 0.0 0.1 269764 1944 ? Ss 17:31 0:03 postgres: wal receiver process streaming 0/30194E0
root 1184 0.0 0.1 145452 1604 pts/0 S 17:49 0:00 su - postgres
postgres 1185 0.0 0.1 108320 1876 pts/0 S 17:49 0:00 -bash
postgres 1247 0.0 0.1 110252 1168 pts/0 R+ 19:19 0:00 ps aux
postgres 1248 0.0 0.0 103260 876 pts/0 S+ 19:19 0:00 grep postgres
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