SpringBoot 前后端json数据交互

一、参考文献

原生Ajax与JQuery Ajax

SpringMVC接受JSON参数详解及常见错误总结

提交方式为 POST 时，

JQuery Ajax 以 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 上传 JSON对象 ，

后端用 @RequestParam 或者Servlet 获取参数。

JQuery Ajax 以 application/json 上传 JSON字符串，

后端用 @RquestBody 获取参数。

总结成表 

Controller接收参数以及参数校验

AJAX POST请求中参数以form data和request payload形式在servlet中的获取方式

二、勇敢尝试

前端js发送ajax请求（ application/x-www-form-urlencoded ）

       var jsonObj = {"openid":"xxx","username":"Ed sheeran","password":"123"};
          /*
              Jquery默认Content-Type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded类型
           */
          $.ajax({
              type: 'POST',
              url: "/login",
              dataType: "json",
              data: JSON.stringify(jsonObj),
              success: function(data) {
                  console.log(data)
              },
              error: function() {
                  console.log("fucking error")
              }
          });

后端Servlet接受参数。前端报 200，后端报 返回值都是null

@Controller
public class LoginController {
  @PostMapping("/login")
  public void login(HttpServletRequest request){
      System.err.println(request.getParameter("openid"));
      System.err.println(request.getParameter("username"));
      System.err.println(request.getParameter("password"));
}

 后端改 @RequestParam 接受参数。前端报 404，后端报 Required String parameter ‘username’ is not present

@Controller
public class LoginController {
  @PostMapping("/login")
  public void login(@RequestParam("username") String username,
                    @RequestParam("password") String password,
                    @RequestParam("openid") String openid){
      System.err.println(username);
      System.err.println(password);
      System.err.println(openid);
  }

 后端改 @RequestBody 接受参数。前端报 415，后端报 Content type ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8’ not supported

Http status 415 Unsupported Media Type

@Controller
public class LoginController {
  @PostMapping("/login")
  public void login(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map){
      System.err.println(map.get("username"));
      System.err.println(map.get("password"));
      System.err.println(map.get("openid"));
  }

前端加 contentType : “application/json”。前端报 200，后端 能接受到参数

    $.ajax({
              type: 'POST',
              url: "/login",
              dataType: "json",
              data: JSON.stringify(jsonObj),
              contentType : "application/json",
              success: function(data) {
                  console.log(data)
              },
              error: function() {
                  console.log("fucking error")
              }
          });

@Controller
public class LoginController {
  @PostMapping("/login")
  public void login(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map){
      System.err.println(map.get("username"));
      System.err.println(map.get("password"));
      System.err.println(map.get("openid"));
}
}

有时候，我想在后端使用对象来获取参数。前端报 200，后端 也ok

@Controller
public class LoginController {
  @PostMapping("/login")
  public void login(@RequestBody Form form){
      System.err.println(form);
}
}

public class Form {
  private String openid;
  private String username;
  private String password;

  public String getOpenid() {
      return openid;
  }

  public void setOpenid(String openid) {
      this.openid = openid;
  }

  public String getUsername() {
      return username;
  }

  public void setUsername(String username) {
      this.username = username;
  }

  public String getPassword() {
      return password;
  }

  public void setPassword(String password) {
      this.password = password;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
      return "Form{" +
              "openid='" + openid + '\'' +
              ", username='" + username + '\'' +
              ", password='" + password + '\'' +
              '}';
  }
}

三、最终选择交互方式

• 前端 application/json，上传 josn字符串， 后端 使用对象 或者 Map

• 前端代码

       var jsonObj = {"openid":"xxx","username":"Ed sheeran","password":"123"};
          /*
              Jquery默认Content-Type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded类型
           */
          $.ajax({
              type: 'POST',
              url: "/login",
              dataType: "json",
              data: JSON.stringify(jsonObj),
              contentType : "application/json",
              success: function(data) {
                  console.log(data)
              },
              error: function() {
                  console.log("fucking error")
              }
          });

后端代码1

@Controller
public class LoginController {
  @PostMapping("/login")
  public void login(@RequestBody Form form){
      System.err.println(form);
}
}

后端代码2

@Controller
public class LoginController {
  @PostMapping("/login")
  public void login(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map){
      System.err.println(map.get("username"));
      System.err.println(map.get("password"));
      System.err.println(map.get("openid"));
}
}