学习计算机编程专用名词

Learning Computer Programming Terminology

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学习计算机编程专用名词

 

For other people who are not very adept with computers and programming, those words either mean something else or don't mean anything at all. Here's an overview of the ten most commonly used and confused computer programming terminologies that everybody should know, explained in layman's terms:
对于其他不熟悉计算机和编程的人来说，这些词要么意味着其他意思，要么什么意思都没有。这里概括的十个最常用的和容易困惑的计算机编程名词是每个人应该知道的，是使用外行术语解释的。

1. 1GL
1GL means First Generation Programming Language. It is actually a machine level programming language that is written in one's and zero's. These are the programs that can be understood by the computer's central processing unit directly. There's no need to run it into a compiler or any other programming software. There are also second, third, up to fourth generation computer programming language.

1GL是第一代编程语言。他是在机器水平使用1和0来编写的。这些程序可以直接被计算机的中央处理单元直接理解。它不需要运行在编译器或其他编程软件中。还有第二代，第三代甚至第四代计算机编程语言。

2. Abandon ware
Abandon ware are software that are not being used, supported, or sold by its respective publisher any longer. These types of software cannot be resold or redistributed to end-users unless otherwise given away as a freeware. 
弃用软件是指不再由其各自的发行者使用，支持或销售的软件。这些类型软件不能转售或重新分发给最终用户，除非作为免费软件提供。

3. ActiveX
ActiveX are programs using the Visual Basic programming language. It is basically created for active contents of the software that are commonly used by other applications that are already installed or existing on the computer. Sometimes, it even shares the ones used by the operating system itself. ActiveX is the one responsible for the interactive features of web-based programs. 

ActiveX是使用Visual Basic 编程语言写的程序。它基本上是为已经安装或存在于计算机上的其他应用程序通常使用的软件的活动内容创建的。有时候，他甚至共享操作系统使用的那些。ActiveX负责基于web程序的交互功能。

4. Beta Version
When a software, a website, or any application is tagged as a beta release or beta version, it means that that version is its first ever launch. It is the program that incorporates the very basic features and requirements of the software. At that point, the software is not yet tested for bugs. The beta version of the software is normally its test run. 
当软件、网站或任何应用程序被标记为beta版或beta版本时，这意味著该版本是首次发布的。他是包含了软件的基本特征和需求的程序。此时，软件还没有进行Bug测试。该软件的beta版本通常是测试运行的。（beta：测试）

5. DirectX
DirectX is a program provided by Microsoft. It is a collection of different multimedia applications and programming interfaces. It is built into the Windows operating system. DirectX is mostly used in gaming applications. 

DirectX是微软提供的一个程序。他是一个不同的多媒体应用程序和编程接口的集合。它内置在Windows操作系统中。DirectX主要用于游戏应用程序。

6. Emulation
Emulation is the term given to the capacity of a certain program to imitate another device or program. There are different degrees of emulation. Emulators are usually created for arcade game devices so it can be played on a desktop computer.
模拟器是指一个程序模仿另一个设备或程序的能力。有不同程度的仿真。模拟器通常是为街机游戏设备创建的，所以它可以在台式电脑上玩。

7. Firmware
Firmware refers to the software that is implanted in a device or hardware. The firmware usually contains a set of protocols that the hardware has to run so it would work smoothly with the other devices that it is attached to. 

固件是指植入设备或硬件的软件，固件经常包括一组协议，硬件必须运行这些协议，这样它才能与他连接的设备顺畅工作。

8. HTML
HTML is hypertext markup language. It is the language used by web pages. It is a programming language that has a way to describe the different parts of the text created. It can denote text used as paragraphs, text, headings, and lists. 
HTLM 是超文本标记语言。他是web页面使用的语言。它是一种编程语言，能够描述创建的文本的不同部分。它表示文本可以被作为段落，文本，标题，结尾。

9. Java
Java is an object oriented programming language. Sun Micro-systems developed the software and it can be said that it resembles the C++ program. However, it was structured to avoid the flaws of the latter. This is widely used in the world wide web as well. 

Java 是一个面向对象的编程语言。太阳计算机系统所开发的软件可以说它是类似于c++程序的。然而，它的结构是为了避免后者的缺陷。这在万维网上也被广泛的使用。

10. Linux 
Linux is an example of operating software in the likes of Windows and Mac Os. But unlike these two, Linux is a free open source program. Anybody can use the software for redistribution and modification.

Linux 是一个类似于Windows和Mac Os的操作系统。但与这两者不同的是，Linux是一个免费的开源程序。任何人都可以使用它进行重新发布和修改。

These are just some of the computer programming terminologies you should know so that the next time you come across them, you won't be guessing what they means. Programming can be a complex task but if you learn the basic things like terminologies, you will surely find the subject interesting. 

这些只是一些你应该知道的计算机编程术语，以便你下次遇到他们时，你还猜不到它们的意思。编程可能是一项复杂的任务，但是如果你学习一些基本的东西，比如术语，你一定会发现这个主题很有趣。

该文章来源于http://www.cplusplus.com/articles/GvRMDjzh/