原文地址:http://rensanning.iteye.com/blog/2043049
为什么手机浏览器或者WebView中不能执行JavaScript调用本地API,而在HTML5混合式应用中却能执行?
JavaScript调用本地API大概有4种方法:
(1)addJavascriptInterface/@JavascriptInterface
Android的WebView类的标准接口。
- webView.addJavascriptInterface(new JSHandler(this), "Bridge");
- class JSHandler {
- public Context context;
- public JSHandler(Context c) {
- this.context = c;
- }
- public void doSomething() {
- Log.d("JSHandler", "doSomething@JSHandler");
- Toast.makeText(this.context, "doSomething@JSHandler", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- }
- }
addJavascriptInterface()方法的第一个参数就是要暴露给JavaScript的Class对象,第二个参数是可以调动该Class方法的JavaScript的全局变量。
- $(function() {
- Bridge.doSomething();
- });
但是addJavascriptInterface()方法存在安全隐患,在JavaScript中可以反射调用到Class的任意属性,比如以下代码能够取到Activity的package名。
- $(function() {
- var klass = Bridge.getClass();
- var field = klass.getDeclaredField('context');
- field.setAccessible(true);
- var context = field.get(Bridge);
- document.getElementById('res').innerHTML = context.getPackageName();
- });
Android 4.2 Jelly Bean以后版本,只有标示了@JavascriptInterface的方法JavaScript才能调到。
- webView.addJavascriptInterface(new MyCustomHander(this), "Bridge");
- class MyCustomHander {
- public Context context;
- public MyCustomHander(Context c) {
- this.context = c;
- }
- @JavascriptInterface
- public void doSomething() {
- Log.d("MyCustomHander", "doSomething@MyCustomHander");
- Toast.makeText(this.context, "doSomething@MyCustomHander", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- }
- public void doSomething2() {
- Log.d("MyCustomHander", "doSomething2@MyCustomHander");
- Toast.makeText(this.context, "doSomething2@MyCustomHander", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- }
- }
Android 4.2以前版本看到的是:"doSomething2@MyCustomHander",而Android 4.2以后版本看到的是:"doSomething@MyCustomHander"。
比如Android 4.1:
(2)自定义URL
- webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
- @Override
- public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
- if (url.startsWith("apicall://")) {
- Log.d("MyWebViewClient", "doSomething@WebViewClient: " + url);
- Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "doSomething@WebViewClient: " + url, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
- });
- $(function() {
- window.location = 'apicall:some_api_name/exec?a=1&b=2';
- });
(3)JsAlert
- webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
- @Override
- public boolean onJsAlert(WebView view, String url,
- String message, JsResult result) {
- Log.d("MyWebChromeClient", "doSomething@WebChromeClient: " + message);
- Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "doSomething@WebChromeClient: " + message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- // return super.onJsAlert(view, url, message, result);
- return true;
- }
- });
- $(function() {
- alert("123");
- });
(4)搭建本地HTTP服务器
NanoHttpd 是一个轻量级的可嵌入的HTTP服务器。
- public class APIHttpServer extends NanoHTTPD {
- public APIHttpServer() {
- super(4000);
- }
- @Override
- public Response serve(String uri, Method method,
- Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, String> params,
- Map<String, String> files) {
- String data = "uri=" + uri + ", params=" + params;
- Log.d("APIHttpServer", "doSomething@APIHttpServer: " + data);
- return new NanoHTTPD.Response(Status.OK, "application/json", "{msg:'nano'}");
- }
- }
- APIHttpServer server = new APIHttpServer();
- server.start();
- $(function() {
- $.getJSON("http://localhost:4000/some_api_name?a=1&b=2&c=3");
- });
AndroidManifest.xml
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
还有一种方法,通过URL的变更也能够实现,但是存在安全问题,基本不使用!
- window.location = 'http://cdv_exec/' + service + '#' + action + '#' + callbackId + '#' + argsJson;
- public class MyWebViewClient extends WebViewClient {
- public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
- if (url.startsWith("http://cdv_exec/")) {
- handleExecUrl(url); // 截取参数处理
- }
- }
- }
参考:
http://www.buildinsider.net/mobile/bookhtml5hybrid