寻找数组中最大值和最小值

最简单的方法就是N中的每个数分别和max，min比较，看似2N次比较，其实大于max的就不必和min比较，小于min的也不必和max比较，因此比较的次数不足2N次，程序如下：

bool MaxMin(std::vector<T> array, T* max, T* min) {
  if (array.size() < 1) {
    return false;
  }
  *max = array[0];
  *min = array[0];
  size_t array_size = array.size();
  for (int i = 1; i < array_size; ++i) {
    if (array[i] > *max) {
      *max = array[i];
    } else if (array[i] < *min) {
      *min = array[i];
    }
  }
  return true;
}

其次方法是数组中的一对一对的数相互比较，比较中较大的一个和max比较，较小的和min比较，总计有N/2对数，分别和max和min进行一次比较，共计3N/2次比较，程序代码如下：

template<typename T>
bool MaxMin_1(std::vector<T> array, T* max, T* min) {
  if (array.size() < 1) {
    return false;
  }
  *max = array[0];
  *min = array[0];
  int index = 1;
  int array_size = array.size();
  while(index < array_size && index +1 <array_size) {
    if (array[index] >= array[index + 1]) {
      if (array[index] > *max) {
        *max = array[index];
      }
      if (array[index + 1] < *min) {
        *min = array[index + 1];
      }
    } else {
      if (array[index + 1] > *max) {
        *max = array[index + 1];
      }
      if (array[index] < *min) {
        *min = array[index];
      }
    }
    index += 2;
  } 
  if (index < array.size()) {
    if (array[index] > *max) {
      *max = array[index];
    }
    if (array[index] < *min) {
      *min = array[index];
    }
  }
  return true;
}

最后一种方法是分治法，比较次数也是3N/2，程序如下：

template<typename T>
bool MaxMin_2(std::vector<T> array, int start, int end, T* max, T* min) {
  if (end - start > 1) {
    MaxMin_2(array, start, (start + end) / 2, max, min);
    MaxMin_2(array, (start + end) / 2 + 1, end, max, min);
  } else {
    if (array[end] > array[start]) {
      if (array[end] > *max) {
        *max = array[end];
      }
      if (array[start] < *min) {
          *min = array[start];
      }
    } else {
      if (array[start] > *max) {
        *max = array[start];
      }
      if (array[end] < *min) {
        *min = array[end];
      }
    }
  }
}
template<typename T>
bool MaxMin_3(std::vector<T> array, int start, int end, T* max, T* min) {
  if (end > start) {
    MaxMin_2(array, start, (start + end) / 2, max, min);
    MaxMin_2(array, (start + end) / 2 + 1, end, max, min);
  } else {
    if (array[start] > *max) {
      *max = array[start];
    }
    if (array[start] < *min) {
      *min = array[start];
    }
  }
}

为了测试性能，完成比较程序如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
template<typename T>
bool MaxMin(std::vector<T> array, T* max, T* min) {
  if (array.size() < 1) {
    return false;
  }
  *max = array[0];
  *min = array[0];
  size_t array_size = array.size();
  for (int i = 1; i < array_size; ++i) {
    if (array[i] > *max) {
      *max = array[i];
    } else if (array[i] < *min) {
      *min = array[i];
    }
  }
  return true;
}
template<typename T>
bool MaxMin_1(std::vector<T> array, T* max, T* min) {
  if (array.size() < 1) {
    return false;
  }
  *max = array[0];
  *min = array[0];
  int index = 1;
  int array_size = array.size();
  while(index < array_size && index +1 <array_size) {
    if (array[index] >= array[index + 1]) {
      if (array[index] > *max) {
        *max = array[index];
      }
      if (array[index + 1] < *min) {
        *min = array[index + 1];
      }
    } else {
      if (array[index + 1] > *max) {
        *max = array[index + 1];
      }
      if (array[index] < *min) {
        *min = array[index];
      }
    }
    index += 2;
  } 
  if (index < array.size()) {
    if (array[index] > *max) {
      *max = array[index];
    }
    if (array[index] < *min) {
      *min = array[index];
    }
  }
  return true;
}
template<typename T>
bool MaxMin_2(std::vector<T> array, int start, int end, T* max, T* min) {
  if (end - start > 1) {
    MaxMin_2(array, start, (start + end) / 2, max, min);
    MaxMin_2(array, (start + end) / 2 + 1, end, max, min);
  } else {
    if (array[end] > array[start]) {
      if (array[end] > *max) {
        *max = array[end];
      }
      if (array[start] < *min) {
          *min = array[start];
      }
    } else {
      if (array[start] > *max) {
        *max = array[start];
      }
      if (array[end] < *min) {
        *min = array[end];
      }
    }
  }
}
template<typename T>
bool MaxMin_3(std::vector<T> array, int start, int end, T* max, T* min) {
  if (end > start) {
    MaxMin_2(array, start, (start + end) / 2, max, min);
    MaxMin_2(array, (start + end) / 2 + 1, end, max, min);
  } else {
    if (array[start] > *max) {
      *max = array[start];
    }
    if (array[start] < *min) {
      *min = array[start];
    }
  }
}

int GetTime() {
  timeval tv;
  gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
  return tv.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  const int kArraySize = 10000;
  std::vector<int> array;
  for (int i = 0; i < kArraySize; ++i) {
    array.push_back(rand());
    //    printf("%d ", array[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");
  int max;
  int min;
  int start;
  start = GetTime();
  MaxMin(array, &max, &min);
  printf("time elapse:%d\n", GetTime() - start);
  printf("max:%d min:%d\n", max, min);

  start = GetTime();
  MaxMin_1(array, &max, &min);
  printf("time elapse:%d\n", GetTime() - start);
  printf("max:%d min:%d\n", max, min);
  start = GetTime();
  MaxMin_2(array, 0, array.size() - 1, &max, &min);
  printf("time elapse:%d\n", GetTime() - start);
  printf("max:%d min:%d\n", max, min); 
  start = GetTime();
  MaxMin_3(array, 0, array.size() - 1, &max, &min);
  printf("time elapse:%d\n", GetTime() - start);
  printf("max:%d min:%d\n", max, min); 
}

执行结果：

./a.out 

time elapse:187
max:2147469841 min:100669
time elapse:216
max:2147469841 min:100669
time elapse:86513
max:2147469841 min:100669
time elapse:82481
max:2147469841 min:100669

结论：最简单的方法效率最高，分治法由于迭代效率非常差，这是我想到了分治法的归并排序，估计性能也不会好，改天比较一下。

参考文献：

编程之美 2.10