查看 i2c 源代码
24cXX.h
/***************************************************************************
copyright : (C) by 2003-2004 Stefano Barbato
email : stefano@codesink.org
$Id: 24cXX.h,v 1.6 2004/02/29 11:05:28 tat Exp $
***************************************************************************/
/***************************************************************************
* *
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
* (at your option) any later version. *
* *
***************************************************************************/
#ifndef _24CXX_H_
#define _24CXX_H_
#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#define EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0
#define EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR 1
#define EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR 2
struct eeprom
{
char *dev; // device file i.e. /dev/i2c-N
int addr; // i2c address
int fd; // file descriptor
int type; // eeprom type
};
/*
* opens the eeprom device at [dev_fqn] (i.e. /dev/i2c-N) whose address is
* [addr] and set the eeprom_24c32 [e]
*/
int eeprom_open(char *dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom*);
/*
* closees the eeprom device [e]
*/
int eeprom_close(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct);
/*
* read and returns the eeprom byte at memory address [mem_addr]
* Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address)
*/
int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr);
/*
* read the current byte
* Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address)
*/
int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct);
/*
* writes [data] at memory address [mem_addr]
* Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address)
*/
int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data);
#endif
24cXX.c
/***************************************************************************
copyright : (C) by 2003-2004 Stefano Barbato
email : stefano@codesink.org
$Id: 24cXX.h,v 1.6 2004/02/29 11:05:28 tat Exp $
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
* (at your option) any later version. *
* *
***************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "24cXX.h"
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_access(int file,
char read_write,
__u8 command,
int size,
union i2c_smbus_data *data)
{
struct i2c_smbus_ioctl_data args;
args.read_write = read_write;
args.command = command;
args.size = size;
args.data = data;
return ioctl(file,I2C_SMBUS,&args);
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(int file, __u8 value)
{
return i2c_smbus_access(file,value,0,I2C_SMBUS_QUICK,NULL);
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(int file)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,0,I2C_SMBUS_BYTE,&data))
return -1;
else
return 0x0FF & data.byte;
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(int file, __u8 value)
{
return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,value,
I2C_SMBUS_BYTE,NULL);
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(int file, __u8 command)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA,&data))
return -1;
else
return 0x0FF & data.byte;
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(int file, __u8 command,
__u8 value)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
data.byte = value;
return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data);
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(int file, __u8 command)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA,&data))
return -1;
else
return 0x0FFFF & data.word;
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(int file, __u8 command,
__u16 value)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
data.word = value;
return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA, &data);
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
data.word = value;
if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL,&data))
return -1;
else
return 0x0FFFF & data.word;
}
/* Returns the number of read bytes */
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
__u8 *values)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
int i;
if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA,&data))
return -1;
else {
for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++)
values[i-1] = data.block[i];
return data.block[0];
}
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
__u8 length, __u8 *values)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
int order;
if (length > 32)
length = 32;
for (order = 1; order <= length; order++)
data.block[order] = values[order-1];
data.block[0] = length;
return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
}
/* Returns the number of read bytes */
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
__u8 *values)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
int order;
if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_READ,command,
I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA,&data))
return -1;
else {
for (order = 1; order <= data.block[0]; order++)
values[order-1] = data.block[order];
return data.block[0];
}
}
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command,
__u8 length, __u8 *values)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
int order;
if (length > 32)
length = 32;
for (order = 1; order <= length; order++)
data.block[order] = values[order-1];
data.block[0] = length;
return i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
}
/* Returns the number of read bytes */
static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_block_process_call(int file, __u8 command,
__u8 length, __u8 *values)
{
union i2c_smbus_data data;
int order;
if (length > 32)
length = 32;
for (order = 1; order <= length; order++)
data.block[order] = values[order-1];
data.block[0] = length;
if (i2c_smbus_access(file,I2C_SMBUS_WRITE,command,
I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL,&data))
return -1;
else {
for (order = 1; order <= data.block[0]; order++)
values[order-1] = data.block[order];
return data.block[0];
}
}
static int i2c_write_1b(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u8 buf)
{
int return_value;
// we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions
return_value = i2c_smbus_write_byte(eeprom_device_struct->fd, buf);
if(return_value < 0)
fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_1b: %s\n", strerror(errno));
usleep(10);
return return_value;
}
static int i2c_write_2b(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u8 buf[2])
{
int return_value;
// we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions
return_value = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(eeprom_device_struct->fd, buf[0], buf[1]);
if(return_value < 0)
fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_2b: %s\n", strerror(errno));
usleep(10);
return return_value;
}
static int i2c_write_3b(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u8 buf[3])
{
int return_value;
// we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions
// the __u16 data field will be byte swapped by the SMBus protocol
return_value = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(eeprom_device_struct->fd, buf[0], buf[2] << 8 | buf[1]);
if(return_value < 0)
fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_3b: %s\n", strerror(errno));
usleep(10);
return return_value;
}
#define CHECK_I2C_FUNC( var, label ) \
do { if(0 == (var & label)) { \
fprintf(stderr, "\nError: " \
#label " function is required. Program halted.\n\n"); \
exit(1); } \
} while(0);
int eeprom_open(char *dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct)
{
int funcs, fd, return_value;
eeprom_device_struct->fd = eeprom_device_struct->addr = 0;
eeprom_device_struct->dev = 0;
fd = open(dev_fqn, O_RDWR);
if(fd <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
// get funcs list
if((return_value = ioctl(fd, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
// check for req funcs
CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE );
CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE );
CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA );
CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA );
CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA );
CHECK_I2C_FUNC( funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA );
// set working device
if( ( return_value = ioctl(fd, I2C_SLAVE, addr)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
eeprom_device_struct->fd = fd;
eeprom_device_struct->addr = addr;
eeprom_device_struct->dev = dev_fqn;
eeprom_device_struct->type = type;
return 0;
}
int eeprom_close(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct)
{
close(eeprom_device_struct->fd);
eeprom_device_struct->fd = -1;
eeprom_device_struct->dev = 0;
eeprom_device_struct->type = EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
return 0;
}
#if 0
int eeprom_24c32_write_byte(struct eeprom *e, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data)
{
__u8 buf[3] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data };
return i2c_write_3b(e, buf);
}
int eeprom_24c32_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* e)
{
ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
return i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd);
}
int eeprom_24c32_read_byte(struct eeprom* e, __u16 mem_addr)
{
int r;
ioctl(e->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
__u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff };
r = i2c_write_2b(e, buf);
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = i2c_smbus_read_byte(e->fd);
return r;
}
#endif
int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct)
{
ioctl(eeprom_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
return i2c_smbus_read_byte(eeprom_device_struct->fd);
}
int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr)
{
int return_value;
ioctl(eeprom_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer
if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR)
{
__u8 buf = mem_addr & 0x0ff;
return_value = i2c_write_1b(eeprom_device_struct, buf);
} else if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) {
__u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff };
return_value = i2c_write_2b(eeprom_device_struct, buf);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n");
return -1;
}
if (return_value < 0)
return return_value;
return_value = i2c_smbus_read_byte(eeprom_device_struct->fd);
return return_value;
}
int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data)
{
if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR) {
__u8 buf[2] = { mem_addr & 0x00ff, data };
return i2c_write_2b(eeprom_device_struct, buf);
} else if(eeprom_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) {
__u8 buf[3] =
{ (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data };
return i2c_write_3b(eeprom_device_struct, buf);
}
fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n");
return -1;
}
eeprog.c
/***************************************************************************
copyright : (C) by 2009 Guangzhou FriendlyaRM, in China
email : capbily@163.com
website : arm9.net
***************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include "24cXX.h"
#define DEVICE_FILE_STRING "/dev/i2c-0"
#define DEVICE_ADDRESS 0x50
#define usage_if(a) do { do_usage_if( a , __LINE__); } while(0);
void do_usage_if(int b, int line) {
const static char *eeprog_usage =
"I2C-24C08(256 bytes) Read/Write Program, ONLY FOR TEST!\n"
"FriendlyARM Computer Tech. 2009\n";
if(!b)
return;
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n[line %d]\n", eeprog_usage, line);
exit(1);
}
#define die_if(a, msg) do { do_die_if( a , msg, __LINE__); } while(0);
void do_die_if(int b, char* msg, int line) {
if(!b)
return;
fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d: %s\n", line, msg);
fprintf(stderr, " sysmsg: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
static int read_from_eeprom(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, int addr, int size) {
int ch, index;
for(index = 0; index < size; ++index, ++addr) {
die_if((ch = eeprom_read_byte(eeprom_device_struct, addr)) < 0, "read error");
if( (index % 16) == 0 )
printf("\n %.4x| ", addr);
else if( (index % 8) == 0 )
printf(" ");
printf("%.2x ", ch);
fflush(stdout);
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
return 0;
}
static int write_to_eeprom(struct eeprom *eeprom_device_struct, int addr) {
int index;
for(index=0, addr=0; index<256; index++, addr++) {
if( (index % 16) == 0 )
printf("\n %.4x| ", addr);
else if( (index % 8) == 0 )
printf(" ");
printf("%.2x ", index);
fflush(stdout);
die_if(eeprom_write_byte(eeprom_device_struct, addr, index), "write error");
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
struct eeprom eeprom_device_struct;
int op;
op = 0;
usage_if(argc != 2 || argv[1][0] != '-' || argv[1][2] != '\0');
op = argv[1][1];
//TODO: 将数字改为自己的学号。
write(STDOUT_FILENO, "APP for 201930310017 ...\n", strlen("APP for 201930310056 ...\n"));
fprintf(stderr, "Open %s with 8bit mode\n", DEVICE_FILE_STRING);
die_if(eeprom_open(DEVICE_FILE_STRING, DEVICE_ADDRESS, EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR, &eeprom_device_struct) < 0,
"unable to open eeprom device file "
"(check that the file exists and that it's readable)");
switch(op) {
case 'r':
fprintf(stderr, " Reading 256 bytes from 0x0\n");
read_from_eeprom(&eeprom_device_struct, 0, 256);
break;
case 'w':
fprintf(stderr, " Writing 0x00-0xff into 24C08 \n");
write_to_eeprom(&eeprom_device_struct, 0);
break;
default:
usage_if(1);
exit(1);
}
eeprom_close(&eeprom_device_struct);
return 0;
}
编译并在Ubuntu运行
在i2c目录下
思考题
I2C总线的优点是什么?
1、简化了硬件电路。在这种总线中只需要两根线,即串行数据线(SDA)和串行的时钟线(SCL)。
2、每个挂在总线上的I2C器件都有一个唯一的地址,并可以通过软件寻址。
3、因为在总线上可能有多个主I2C器件,因此I2C总线接口协议中有冲突监测和仲裁机制,以防止通信中的数据丢失或发生错误。
4、这种串行的两线双向的总线在标准模式下的速率为100kbit/s,在快速模式下的速率为400kbit/s,在高速模式下为3/4Mbit/s。
5、I2C器件中有滤波抗扰措施来保证数据的完整性。
6、在总线上挂接的器件数目是有限的,即总线上的容抗不能超过400pF。
I2C总线的启动信号和结束信号有什么特点?
开始信号:SCL为高电平时,SDA由高电平向低电平跳变,开始传送数据。
结束信号:SCL为高电平时,SDA由低电平向高电平跳变,结束传送数据。