本文详细介绍了MATLAB中的数据类型，包括默认的double、int8、uint8，以及变量类型转换、字符(char)、ASCII TABLE、字符串、逻辑运算、结构体、单元阵列、多维数组、文件处理等。特别讨论了结构体的使用，如添加信息、字段操作以及嵌套结构，并提供了单元数组访问和低级文件输入/输出的示例。此外，还涵盖了Excel文件的读写操作，如xlsread和xlswrite函数的运用。
文章目录
- 前言
- 第一部分
- 一、MATLAB Data (Variables) Types
- 二、Variable (Data) Type Conversion 变量(数据)类型转换
- 三、Character (char)
- 四、ASCII TABLE
- 五、String 字符串
- 六、Logical Operations and Assignments 逻辑运算及分配
- Exercise
- 七、Structure 结构体
- 八、Structure Functions 结构体函数
- 九、Nesting Structures 嵌套结构
- 十、Cell Array 单元阵列
- 十一、How Does MATLAB Do It?
- Exercise
- 十二、Accessing Cell Array 访问单元阵列
- 十三、Cell Array Functions 单元阵列函数
- 十四、num2cell() and mat2cell()
- 十五、Multidimensional Array 多维数组
- 十六、cat()
- 十七、Multidimensional Array concatenation 多维数组连接
- 十八、reshape()
- 十九、Checking Variable And Variable Status 检查变量和变量状态
- 第二部分
- 一、File Access 文件处理
- 二、save() and load()
- 三、Excel File Reading: xlsread()
- 四、Excel File Writing: xlswrite()
- 五、Getting Text in Excel Spreadsheet 获取文本在Excel电子表格
- 六、Low-level File Input/Output 低级文件输入/输出
- 七、Low-level File I/O Functions 低级文件输入输出函数
- 八、Writing Sine Values into A File 将正弦值写入文件
- 九、Read and Write through Formatted I/O 通过格式化的I/O进行读写
- 十、Reading from Files
- 总结
前言
b站课程《MATLAB教程_台大郭彦甫（14课）》学习记录
第一部分
一、MATLAB Data (Variables) Types
default（默认的）为double
int8 8-bit
uint8 unsigned
二、Variable (Data) Type Conversion 变量(数据)类型转换
>> A = 20
A =
20
>> B = int8(20)
B =
int8
20
>> B = int8(A)
B =
int8
20
三、Character (char)
A character is represented in ASCII using a numeric code between 0 to 255
字符在ASCII中使用0到255之间的数字代码表示
Create a character or a string by putting them into a pair of apostrophe:
创建一个字符或字符串，将它们放入一对单引号:
>> s1 = 'h'
whos
uint16(s1)
s2 = 'H'
whos
uint16(s2)
s1 =
'h'
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
A 1x1 8 double
B 1x1 1 int8
ans 1x1 2 uint16
s1 1x1 2 char
ans =
uint16
104
s2 =
'H'
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
A 1x1 8 double
B 1x1 1 int8
ans 1x1 2 uint16
s1 1x1 2 char
s2 1x1 2 char
ans =
uint16
72
四、ASCII TABLE
五、String 字符串
An array collects characters:
数组用于收集字符:
s1 = 'Example';
s2 = 'String';
String concatenation:
字符串连接
s3 = [s1 s2];
s4 = [s1; s2];
>> s1 = 'Example';
>> s2 = 'String';
>> s3 = [s1 s2];
>> s3
s3 =
'ExampleString'
>> s4 = [s1;s2];
要串联的数组的维度不一致。
>> s4 = [s1;s1];
>> s4
s4 =
2×7 char 数组
'Example'
'Example'
六、Logical Operations and Assignments 逻辑运算及分配
Many numerical and logical operators can be applied to strings
许多数值和逻辑运算符可应用于字符串
>> str = 'aardvark';
>> str(3)
ans =
'r'
>> 'a' == str
ans =
1×8 logical 数组
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
进行逻辑运算，相同为True1，不同为False0
Try this:
>> str(str == 'a') = 'Z'
str =
'ZZrdvZrk'
将str中为’a’的字符更换成’Z’
What if we want to compare the entire string with another?
可以用循环语句，for
Exercise
Write a script that inverts any given string
方法一：
s1 = 'I like the letter E';
s2 = blanks(size(s1,2)); (生成一个空白的数组）
%size(char),char是字符向量，返回行向量【1 N】
%strlength(s1)在R2016b以上版本中才可用
s2 = s1(size(s1,2):-1:1);
disp(s2)
方法二：
s1 = 'I like the letter E';
s2 = blanks(size(s1,2));
for n = 1:1:size(s1,2)
s2(n) = s1(size(s1,2)-n+1);
n+1;
end
disp(s2)
最好不用zeros来生成s2，因为他会直接把数组都定义为double类型的
方法三：
s1 = 'I like the letter E';
s2 = char(zeros(1,size(s1,2))); 将zeros由double型变成char型，就可以存放字符了
for n = 1:1:size(s1,2)
s2(n) = s1(size(s1,2)-n+1);
n+1;
end
disp(s2)
七、Structure 结构体
A method of storing heterogeneous data
一种存储异构数据的方法
Structures contain arrays called fields
结构包含称为字段的数组
Student assignment grades:
Adding Information to A Structure
>> student.name = 'John Doe';
student.id = 'jdo2@sfu.ca';
student.number = 301073268;
student.grade = [100, 75, 73; ...
95, 91, 85.5; ...
100, 98, 72];
student
student =
包含以下字段的 struct:
name: 'John Doe'
id: 'jdo2@sfu.ca'
number: 301073268
grade: [3×3 double]
>> student.name = 'John Doe';
student.id = 'jdo2@sfu.ca';
student.number = 301073268;
student.grade = [100, 75, 73; ...
95, 91, 85.5; ...
100, 98, 72];
student(2).name = 'Ann Lane';
student(2).id = 'aln4@sfu.ca';
student(2).number = 301078853;
student(2).grade = [95 100 90; 95 82 97; 100 85 100];
>> student
student =
包含以下字段的 1×2 struct 数组:
name
id
number
grade
Retrieve the 3rd grade for Ann Lane
>> student(2).grade(1,3)
ans =
90
Structure Functions
八、Structure Functions 结构体函数
cell2struct : Convert cell array to structure array
fieldnames : Field names of structure, or public fields of object
getfield : Field of structure array
isfield : Determine whether input is structure array field
isstruct : Determine whether input is structure array
orderfields : Order fields of structure array
rmfield : Remove fields from structure
setfield : Assign values to structure array field
struct : Create structure array
struct2cell : Convert structure to cell array
structfun : Apply function to each field of scalar structure
cell2struct : 将单元数组转换为结构数组
fieldnames : 结构或对象的公共字段的字段名
getfield : 结构数组的字段
isfield : 判断input是否为结构数组字段
isstruct : 判断输入是否为结构数组
orderfields : 结构数组的顺序字段
rmfield : 从结构中删除字段
setfield : 为结构数组字段赋值
struct : 创建结构数组
struct2cell : 将结构转换为单元格数组
structfun : 对标量结构的每个字段应用函数
>> fieldnames(student)
rmfield(student,'id')
ans =
4×1 cell 数组
{'name' }
{'id' }
{'number'}
{'grade' }
ans =
包含以下字段的 1×2 struct 数组:
name
number
grade
九、Nesting Structures 嵌套结构
在一个Structure 里面有另一个Structure
>> A = struct('data', [3 4 7; 8 0 1], 'nest', ...
struct('testnum', 'Test 1', ...
'xdata', [4 2 8],'ydata', [7 1 6]));
A(2).data = [9 3 2; 7 6 5];
A(2).nest.testnum = 'Test 2';
A(2).nest.xdata = [3 4 2];
A(2).nest.ydata = [5 0 9];
A.nest
ans =
包含以下字段的 struct:
testnum: 'Test 1'
xdata: [4 2 8]
ydata: [7 1 6]
ans =
包含以下字段的 struct:
testnum: 'Test 2'
xdata: [3 4 2]
ydata: [5 0 9]
十、Cell Array 单元阵列
Another method of storing heterogeneous data
另一种存储异构数据的方法
Similar to matrix but each entry contains different type of data
类似于矩阵，但每个条目包含不同类型的数据
Declared using { }
使用{}声明
>> A(1,1)={[1 4 3; 0 5 8; 7 2 9]};
A(1,2)={'Anne Smith'};
A(2,1)={3+7i};
A(2,2)={-pi:pi:pi};
A
A =
2×2 cell 数组
{3×3 double } {'Anne Smith' }
{[3.0000 + 7.0000i]} {[-3.1416 0 3.1416]}
>> clear A
>> A{1,1}=[1 4 3; 0 5 8; 7 2 9];
A{1,2}='Anne Smith';
A{2,1}=3+7i;
A{2,2}=-pi:pi:pi;
A
A =
2×2 cell 数组
{3×3 double } {'Anne Smith' }
{[3.0000 + 7.0000i]} {[-3.1416 0 3.1416]}
十一、How Does MATLAB Do It?
Each entry in a cell array holds a pointer to a data structure
单元格数组中的每一项都包含一个指向数据结构的指针
Different cells of the same cell array can point to different types of data structures
同一单元数组的不同单元可以指向不同类型的数据结构
Exercise
Create a cell array B that has the following structure
>> B{1,1} = 'This is the first cell';
B{1,2} = [5+j*6 4+j*5];
B{2,1} = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];
B{2,2} = {'Tim', 'Chris'};
B
B =
2×2 cell 数组
{'This is the first cell'} {[5.0000 + 6.0000i 4.0000 + 5.0000i]}
{3×3 double } {1×2 cell }
十二、Accessing Cell Array 访问单元阵列
Curly braces, { }, are used to access the “content” of cell arrays
花括号{}用于访问单元格数组的“内容”
• What are the differences between C and D?
C = A(1,1)
D = A{1,1}
>> C = A(1,1);
>> D = A{1,1};
>> C
C =
1×1 cell 数组
{3×3 double}
>> D
D =
1 4 3
0 5 8
7 2 9
• How do I get this number?
>> A{1,1}(1,1)
ans =
1
十三、Cell Array Functions 单元阵列函数
cell : Create cell array
cell2mat : Convert cell array to numeric array
cell2struct : Convert cell array to structure array
celldisp : Cell array contents
cellfun : Apply function to each cell in cell array
cellplot : Graphically display structure of cell array
cellstr : Create cell array of strings from character array
iscell : Determine whether input is cell array
mat2cell : Convert array to cell array with different sized cells
num2cell : Convert array to cell array with consistently sized cells
struct2cell : Convert structure to cell array
cell : 创建单元格数组
cell2mat : 将单元数组转换为数值数组
cell2struct : 将单元数组转换为结构数组
celldisp : 单元格数组内容
cellfun : 将函数应用到数组中的每个cell
cellplot : 细胞图图形显示细胞阵列的结构
cellstr : 从字符数组中创建字符串的单元格数组
iscell : 判断输入是否为cell array
mat2cell : 将数组转换为不同大小的单元格数组
num2cell : 将数组转换为单元格大小一致的单元格数组
struct2cell : 将结构转换为单元格数组
十四、num2cell() and mat2cell()
Transform a matrix into a cell variable
>> a = magic(3)
b = num2cell(a)
c = mat2cell(a, [1 1 1], 3)
第二个为row，第三个为column；说明行分成三份，列不分开
a =
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
b =
3×3 cell 数组
{[8]} {[1]} {[6]}
{[3]} {[5]} {[7]}
{[4]} {[9]} {[2]}
c =
3×1 cell 数组
{[8 1 6]}
{[3 5 7]}
{[4 9 2]}
十五、Multidimensional Array 多维数组
>> A{1,1,1} = [1 2;4 5];
A{1,2,1} = 'Name';
A{2,1,1} = 2-4i;
A{2,1,1} = 7;
A{1,1,2} = 'Name2';
A{1,2,2} = 3;
A{2,1,2} = 0:1:3;
A{2,2,2} = [4 5]';
A
2×2×2 cell 数组
A(:,:,1) =
{2×2 double} {'Name' }
{[ 7]} {0×0 double}
A(:,:,2) =
{'Name2' } {[ 3]}
{[0 1 2 3]} {2×1 double}
十六、cat()
Array concatenation 数组连接
十七、Multidimensional Array concatenation 多维数组连接
十八、reshape()
Returns a new array with assigned rows and columns
返回具有指定行和列的新数组
>> A = {'James Bond', [1 2;3 4;5 6]; pi, magic(5)}
C = reshape(A,1,4)
A =
2×2 cell 数组
{'James Bond'} {3×2 double}
{[ 3.1416]} {5×5 double}
C =
1×4 cell 数组
{'James Bond'} {[3.1416]} {3×2 double} {5×5 double}
Create a matrix B from the matrix A below using reshape:
>> A = [1:3;4:6];
B = reshape(A,3,2)
B =
1 5
4 3
2 6
十九、Checking Variable And Variable Status 检查变量和变量状态
isinteger : Determine if input is integer array
islogical : Determine if input is logical array
isnan : Detect an element that isnot a number (NaN)
isnumeric : Determine if input is numeric array
isprime : Detect prime elements of array
isreal : Determine if all array elements are real numbers
iscell : Determine if input is cell array
ischar : Determine if input is character array
isempty : Determine if input is empty array
isequal : Determine if arrays are numerically equal
isfloat : Determine if input is floating-point array
isglobal : Determine if input is global variable
ishandle : Detect valid graphics object handles
isinf : Detect infinite elements of array
isinteger : 判断input是否为整数数组
islogical : 判断输入是否为逻辑阵列
isnan : 检测非数字元素(NaN)
isnumeric : 判断input是否为数值数组
isprime : 检测数组的素数元素
isreal : 判断是否所有数组元素都是实数
iscell : 判断input是否为cell array
ischar : 判断input是否为字符数组
isempty : 判断input是否为空数组
isequal : 判断数组在数值上是否相等
isfloat : 判断input是否为浮点数组
isglobal : 判断input是否为全局变量
ishandle : 检测有效的图形对象句柄
isinf : 检测数组的无限元素
第二部分
一、File Access 文件处理
二、save() and load()
其中两种方法的区别：
第一种，保存信息更全面，变量名在读取时会出现，但是不能在记事本中看到
第二种，保存信息没那么全面，变量名在读取时不会出现，但能在记事本中看到
保存指定变量到当前工作目录
1 若有一个变量aaa，想保存起来（mat文件，名字为a，即a.mat）方便下次调用。可用命令：
save a.mat A
2 保存当前所有变量到当前工作目录
3 保存指定变量到指定文件夹
save(‘C:\MATLAB\hello1.mat’,‘aaa’)
三、Excel File Reading: xlsread()
>> Score = xlsread('04Score.xlsx')
Score =
94 83 89
76 88 82
68 72 75
>> Score = xlsread('04Score.xlsx','B2:D4')
Score =
94 83 89
76 88 82
68 72 75
都只读取数字部分
四、Excel File Writing: xlswrite()
Calculate the means and write into Excel spreadsheet
计算平均值并写入Excel电子表格
filename variable/name sheet location
M = mean(Score')';
xlswrite('04Score.xlsx', M, 1, 'E2:E4');
xlswrite('04Score.xlsx', {'Mean'}, 1, 'E1');
Calculate the standard deviations and write them into column F
计算标准差，把它们写进F列
M = std(Score')';
xlswrite('04Score.xlsx', M, 1, 'F2:F4');
xlswrite('04Score.xlsx', {'standard deviations'}, 1, 'F1');
五、Getting Text in Excel Spreadsheet 获取文本在Excel电子表格
Getting both the text and numbers
>> [Score Header] = xlsread('04Score.xlsx')
Score =
列 1 至 4
94.0000 83.0000 89.0000 88.6667
76.0000 88.0000 82.0000 82.0000
68.0000 72.0000 75.0000 71.6667
列 5
5.5076
6.0000
3.5119
Header =
4×6 cell 数组
列 1 至 2
{0×0 char} {'Test1' }
{'John' } {0×0 char}
{'Selina'} {0×0 char}
{'Peter' } {0×0 char}
列 3 至 4
{'Test2' } {'Test3' }
{0×0 char} {0×0 char}
{0×0 char} {0×0 char}
{0×0 char} {0×0 char}
列 5 至 6
{'Mean' } {'standard deviat…'}
{0×0 char} {0×0 char }
{0×0 char} {0×0 char }
{0×0 char} {0×0 char }
>> [Score Header] = xlsread('04Score.xlsx')
Score =
94.0000 83.0000 89.0000 88.6667 5.5076
76.0000 88.0000 82.0000 82.0000 6.0000
68.0000 72.0000 75.0000 71.6667 3.5119
Header =
4×6 cell 数组
列 1 至 5
{0×0 char} {'Test1' } {'Test2' } {'Test3' } {'Mean' }
{'John' } {0×0 char} {0×0 char} {0×0 char} {0×0 char}
{'Selina'} {0×0 char} {0×0 char} {0×0 char} {0×0 char}
{'Peter' } {0×0 char} {0×0 char} {0×0 char} {0×0 char}
列 6
{'standard deviat…'}
{0×0 char }
{0×0 char }
{0×0 char }
How do we write both the text and number into an Excel file?
a=Header;
b=num2cell(Score);
xlswrite('a.xlsx',a,1,'A1:F4');
xlswrite('a.xlsx',b,1,'B2:F4');
六、Low-level File Input/Output 低级文件输入/输出
Read and write file at the byte or character level
低级字节级或字符级的读写文件
A file has an ID fid
一个文件有一个ID fid
Location in the file is specified by a pointer that can be moved around
七、Low-level File I/O Functions 低级文件输入输出函数
八、Writing Sine Values into A File 将正弦值写入文件
>> x = 0:pi/10:pi;
y = sin(x);
fid = fopen('sinx.txt','w');
for i=1:11
fprintf(fid,'%5.3f %8.4f\n', x(i), y(i)); 【五位数值，三个小数点；八位数值，四个小数点】
end
fclose(fid);
type sinx.txt
0.000 0.0000
0.314 0.3090
0.628 0.5878
0.942 0.8090
1.257 0.9511
1.571 1.0000
1.885 0.9511
2.199 0.8090
2.513 0.5878
2.827 0.3090
3.142 0.0000
九、Read and Write through Formatted I/O 通过格式化的I/O进行读写
十、Reading from Files
fid = fopen('04asciiData.txt','r'); i = 1;
while ~feof(fid)
name(i,:) = fscanf(fid,'%5c',1);
year(i) = fscanf(fid,'%d',1);
no1(i) = fscanf(fid,'%d',1);
no2(i) = fscanf(fid,'%d',1);
no3(i) = fscanf(fid,'%g',1);
no4(i) = fscanf(fid,'%g\n');
i=i+1;
end
fclose(fid);
总结
继续加油吧。
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