os模块

1.os.getenv()

os.getenv = getenv(key, default=None)
    Get an environment variable, return None if it doesn't exist.
    The optional second argument can specify an alternate default.

2.os.getcwd()   get current working directory

Operating systems with hierarchical filesystems have a concept of the current working directory – the directory on the
filesystem the process uses as the starting location when files are accessed with relative paths. The current working
directory can be retrieved with getcwd() and changed with chdir().

3.os.path.join

os.path. join ( path1 [,  path2 [,  ... ] ] )

Join one or more path components intelligently. If any component is an absolute path, all previous components (on Windows, including the previous drive letter, if there was one) are thrown away, and joining continues. The return value is the concatenation of path1, and optionally path2, etc., with exactly one directory separator (os.sep) following each non-empty part except the last. (This means that an empty last part will result in a path that ends with a separator.) Note that on Windows, since there is a current directory for each drive, os.path.join("c:", "foo") represents a path relative to the current directory on drive C:(c:foo), not c:\foo.