网络程序设计(Linux下的socket编程)_00_IP_basics&Routing

Network Layer_Internet Protocol_Basics and Routing

Outline

• Fundamentals
• Host
• Addressing
• Router
• Routing

Fundamentals

• The IP Protocol is just one example of Network Protocol
  • Each layer should be independent.
  • Modular by Design
  • Simplifies Architecture and Implementation

Layers

Accept/Deliver data to/from

• Upper Layers
• Data Link

OSI与Internet

L2 address=Ethernet地址

层与层之间是独立的；传输层应屏蔽下层的数量、类型和拓扑；即使跨 LAN 和 WAN，传输层可用的网络地址也应使用统一的编号计划。

Host

(from IP perspective)

• Device with one (or more) L3 endpoint // IP Address

Network Topology & Data Flow

IPv4 Header

Addressing

IP地址由两部分组成：Network Address(Network id)+Host ID(Host id)

• ipv4: 32 bits
  • 例 140.252.1.29
• ipv6: 128 bits
  • 例 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

Subnet mask

Address + subnet mask => host & net ID

• A & MASK => NetID
• A &!MASK => HostID

Two notations (examples)

• “Classbased” 255.255.255.0
• “Classless” /24

Subnet Example (3个)

这里放其中一个为例

Subnet, Forwarding and Gateway

Forwarding Table (转发表)，例

转发表的例子见PPT。

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) [Ethernet]

• Translate between Network and L2 address

ARP表，例

ARP表如果没有match的，则会广播寻找，随后再增加到ARP表中。

ARP的运行见PPT。

Router

• Device with two (or more) L3 endpoints // IP Address within TWO different subnets

对比Host - Device with one (or more) L3 endpoint // IP Address

路由表，例

路由转发的例子见PPT。