原文：http://www.ttlsa.com/mongodb/mongodb-conditional-operators/
这节来说说mongodb条件操作符，"$lt", "$lte", "$gt", "$gte", "$ne"就是全部的比较操作符，对应于"<", "<=", ">", ">=","!="。
原子操作符："$and“, "$or“, "$nor“。
or查询有两种方式：一种是用$in来查询一个键的多个值，另一种是用$or来完成多个键值的任意给定值。$in相当于SQL语句的in操作。
$nin不属于。
$not与正则表达式联合使用时候极其有用，用来查询哪些与特定模式不匹配的文档。
$slice相当于数组函数的切片，检索一个数组文档并获取数组的一部分。限制集合中大量元素节省带宽。理论上可以通过 limit() 和 skip() 函数来实现，但是，对于数组就无能为力了。 $slice可以指定两个参数。第一个参数表示要返回的元素总数。第二个参数是可选的。如果使用的话，第一个参数定义的是偏移量，而第二个参数是限定的个数。第二个参数还可以指定一个负数。
$mod取摸操作。
$size操作符允许对结果进行筛选，匹配指定的元素数的数组。
$exists操作符允许返回一个特定的对象。注意：当前版本$exists是无法使用索引的，因此，使用它需要全表扫描。
$type操作符允许基于BSON类型来匹配结果。
1. 插入一些数据
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>
use
ttlsa_com
switched
to
db
ttlsa_com
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
insert
(
{
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
)
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
insert
(
{
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
Title
:
"Blade Runner"
,
Released
:
1982
}
)
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
insert
(
{
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
Title
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
Released
:
2010
}
)
|
2. $gt (greater than)
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
gt
:
2000
}
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
|
3. $gte(greater than or equal to)
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
gte
:
1999
}
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
|
4. $lt (less than)
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
lt
:
1999
}
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
]
|
5. $lte (less than or equal to)
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
lte
:
1999
}
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
]
|
6. 组合使用
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
gte
:
1990
,
$
lt
:
2010
}
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
}
]
|
7. $ne (not equals)
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Type
:
"DVD"
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Type
:
"DVD"
,
Released
:
{
$
ne
:
1999
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
|
8. $in/$or
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
in
:
[
1999
,
2008
,
2009
]
}
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
}
]
|
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
$
or
:
[
{
Released
:
1999
}
,
{
Released
:
2008
}
,
{
Released
:
2009
}
]
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
]
|
9. $nin
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Type
:
"DVD"
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
nin
:
[
1999
,
2008
,
2009
]
}
,
Type
:
"DVD"
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
|
10. $all
与$in有点相似，只不过$all是所有属性要与文档匹配。$in只匹配其一就行。
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Released
:
{
$
all
:
[
"2010"
,
"2009"
]
}
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
0
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
]
|
11. 多个表达式
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>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
$
or
:
[
{
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
}
,
{
"ISBN"
:
"987-1-4302-3051-9"
}
]
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5353462f93efef02c962da71"
)
,
"Type"
:
"Book"
,
"Title"
:
"Definitive Guide to MongoDB, the"
,
"ISBN"
:
"987-1-4302-3051-9"
,
"Publisher"
:
"Apress"
,
"Author"
:
[
"Membrey, Peter"
,
"Plugge, Eelco"
,
"Hawkins, Tim"
]
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
$
or
:
[
{
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
}
,
{
"ISBN"
:
"987-1-4302-3051-9"
}
]
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
|
11. 切片
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|
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
{
$
slice
:
3
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
]
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
{
$
slice
:
-
3
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
{
$
slice
:
[
2
,
3
]
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
]
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
}
,
{
"Cast"
:
{
$
slice
:
[
-
5
,
4
]
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
]
}
]
|
12. $mod
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|
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Type
:
"DVD"
,
Released
:
{
$
mod
:
[
2
,
0
]
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Type
:
"DVD"
,
Released
:
{
$
mod
:
[
2
,
1
]
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
]
|
13. $size
|
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|
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Tracklist
:
{
$
size
:
2
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5353463193efef02c962da73"
)
,
"Type"
:
"CD"
,
"Artist"
:
"Nirvana"
,
"Title"
:
"Nevermind"
,
"Tracklist"
:
[
{
"Track"
:
"1"
,
"Title"
:
"Smells like teen spirit"
,
"Length"
:
"5:02"
}
,
{
"Track"
:
"2"
,
"Title"
:
"In Bloom"
,
"Length"
:
"4:15"
}
]
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Cast
:
{
$
size
:
1
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Cast
:
{
$
size
:
6
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
]
|
14. $exists
|
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19
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52
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55
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57
58
59
60
61
62
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64
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67
68
|
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Author
:
{
$
exists
:
true
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5353462f93efef02c962da71"
)
,
"Type"
:
"Book"
,
"Title"
:
"Definitive Guide to MongoDB, the"
,
"ISBN"
:
"987-1-4302-3051-9"
,
"Publisher"
:
"Apress"
,
"Author"
:
[
"Membrey, Peter"
,
"Plugge, Eelco"
,
"Hawkins, Tim"
]
}
]
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Author
:
{
$
exists
:
false
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5353462f93efef02c962da72"
)
,
"Type"
:
"CD"
,
"Artist"
:
"Nirvana"
,
"Title"
:
"Nevermind"
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5353463193efef02c962da73"
)
,
"Type"
:
"CD"
,
"Artist"
:
"Nirvana"
,
"Title"
:
"Nevermind"
,
"Tracklist"
:
[
{
"Track"
:
"1"
,
"Title"
:
"Smells like teen spirit"
,
"Length"
:
"5:02"
}
,
{
"Track"
:
"2"
,
"Title"
:
"In Bloom"
,
"Length"
:
"4:15"
}
]
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548225d85b463e729a2e57"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Matrix, The"
,
"Released"
:
1999
,
"Cast"
:
[
"Keanu Reeves"
,
"Carry-Anne Moss"
,
"Laurence Fishburne"
,
"Hugo Weaving"
,
"Gloria Foster"
,
"Joe Pantoliano"
]
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5354823fd85b463e729a2e58"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Blade Runner"
,
"Released"
:
1982
}
,
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"53548254d85b463e729a2e59"
)
,
"Type"
:
"DVD"
,
"Title"
:
"Toy Story 3"
,
"Released"
:
2010
}
]
|
15. $type
根据BSON类型来检索集合中匹配的结果。
MongoDB中可以使用的类型如下表所示：
| 类型描述 | 类型值 |
|---|---|
| Double | 1 |
| String | 2 |
| Object | 3 |
| Array | 4 |
| Binary data | 5 |
| Object id | 7 |
| Boolean | 8 |
| Date | 9 |
| Null | 10 |
| Regular expression | 11 |
| JavaScript code | 13 |
| Symbol | 14 |
| JavaScript code with scope | 15 |
| 32-bit integer | 16 |
| Timestamp | 17 |
| 64-bit integer | 18 |
| Min key | 255 |
| Max key | 127 |
下面这个实例是查询嵌入对象。
|
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19
20
21
|
>
db
.
mediaCollection
.
find
(
{
Tracklist
:
{
$
type
:
3
}
}
)
.
toArray
(
)
[
{
"_id"
:
ObjectId
(
"5353463193efef02c962da73"
)
,
"Type"
:
"CD"
,
"Artist"
:
"Nirvana"
,
"Title"
:
"Nevermind"
,
"Tracklist"
:
[
{
"Track"
:
"1"
,
"Title"
:
"Smells like teen spirit"
,
"Length"
:
"5:02"
}
,
{
"Track"
:
"2"
,
"Title"
:
"In Bloom"
,
"Length"
:
"4:15"
}
]
}
]
|
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