iOS 5 ARC 入门

这是iOS 5 盛宴中的第12篇教程！ 这篇教程是我们的新书 iOS 5 By Tutorials 的一个预览章节。 Matthijs Hollemans 是这个章节的作者 – 也是 iOS Apprentice Series 的作者。 希望你喜欢！

这篇文章发表自 iOS 教程团队成员 Matthijs Hollemans， 一个经验丰富的 iOS开发者和设计师。

iOS 5 中最具争议的一个新特性就是 Automatic Reference Counting (自动引用计数)， 或者简写为 ARC。 ARC 是 LLVM 3.0 编译器的一个新特性，它彻底抛弃了让所有 iOS 开发者由爱生恨的手动内存管理机制。

在你的项目中使用 ARC 非常简单。 除了不再需要调用 retain, release 和 autorelease, 你可以和平常一样的开发。 基本上如此而已。

在开启 Automatic Reference Counting 的情况下， 编译器将会自动地在你程序的正确位置插入 retain, release 和 autorelease 。你不再需要为这些事情操心了， 因为编译器已经为你做了这些事。 实际上， 使用 ARC 是如此的简单，你甚至都不需要读这篇教程。 ;-)

但是，如果你还对 ARC 有一些质疑 — 或许你不相信它能正确的处理所有事情， 或者你会认为这样会比手动内存管理执行的速度慢 — 那就继续阅读吧。 教程余下的部分将会解开它神秘的面纱， 并向你展示哪些在使用 ARC 时，如何处理那些不太直观的结果。

另外， 我们将会手把手的教你如何将一个没有使用 ARC 的应用转换成使用 ARC 的。 你可以用这些技术来将你现存的 iOS 项目转换成使用 ARC。 帮助你减少大量的内存处理问题！

它是怎么工作的

你大概已经熟悉如何手工管理内存了， 就像这样：

• 如果你想保持一个对象可用，除非它已经被 retain 了,否则你就需要 retain 它。
• 如果你不再需要一个对象了， 那么你就需要 release 它， 除非它已经被 release 了 (通过 autorelease)。

作为一个初学者， 你可能需要一个艰难的过程来了解这个概念， 但在一段时间之后， 它将成为你的第二习惯。 现在你必须总是正确的在 retain 和 release 之间取得平衡。 除非你忘了。

手工内存管理的原则并不难，但是它非常容易出错。 并且这些小错误可能会带来严重的后果。 过度的 release 一个对象并且你的变量指向了一个已经无效的地址，你的应用就会在某一时刻崩溃掉，或者如果你没有在该 release 的时候释放掉内存，你的应用就会将内存占满。

Xcode 中的静态分析是帮你找到这类问题的好帮手， 但是 ARC 做得更好。 通过自动地在合适的位置帮你插入 retain 和 release， 它完全避免了内存管理中的问题！

有一个重要的一点需要知道的，就是 ARC 是 Objective-C 编译器的一个特性， 所有 ARC 相关的处理都会发生在你构建你的应用的时候。 ARC 不是运行时特性(除了其中的一点， weak 指针系统)。 它也不是你在其他编程语言中所了解的垃圾回收机制。

ARC 所做的事情就是在你编译代码的时候，在那些你需要自己处理内存管理的地方，插入 retain 和 release。 这就使得 ARC 和手工内存管理的速度一样快， 有时还会更快一些， 因为它在后端进行了一些优化操作。

指针保持对象存在可用

你需要了解的 ARC 的新规则很简单。 在手工内存管理中， 你需要 retain 一个对象，来让他可用。 这不再需要了， 你所需要做的仅仅是让一个指针指向那个对象。 只要有变量指针指向那个对象， 那么它就会一直在内存中。

当这个指针指向了另外一个对象，或者不再存在的时候， 和它相关联的那个对象会被释放掉。 这对所有类型的变量都适用： 实例变量， 属性， 甚至局部变量。

用所有者的方式来想它，就更好理解了。 当你这样做时,

[objc]  view plain copy <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>firstName <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> self.textField.text;

firstName 变量成为一个指向 NSString 对象的指针， 它指向了文本框中的内容。 firstName 变量现在就是这个字符串对象的所有者。

一个对象可以有多个所有者。 直到用户改变了 UITextField 中的内容之前， 它的 text 属性也是这个字符串对象的所有者。 有两个指针指向了同一个对象：

稍后，用户会在文本框中输入一些新的文字， 这时它的 text 属性指向了一个新的字符串对象。 但是最初的那个字符串对象还是有一个所有者(firstName 变量)， 所以它仍然在内存中。

只有当 firstName 也得到一个新的值的时候，或者它超出了作用范围 — 因为它是一个局部变量并且方法到了结尾，或者它是一个实例变量并且拥有它的对象被释放了 — 这时所有关系就失效了。 这个字符串对象不再有任何所有者， 它的 retain count 减少到 0，这个对象被释放了。

我们称 firstName 和 textField.text 为 “strong” 类型的指针， 因为他们能保持对象的存活。 默认情况下，所有的实例变量和局部变量都是 strong 指针。

也还有一个 “weak” 指针。 weak 类型的变量也能指向一个对象，但是他们不能成为所有者：

[objc]  view plain copy __weak <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>weakName <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> self.textField.text;

weakName 变量和 textField.text 属性指向了同一个字符串对象， 但它不是所有者。 如果文本框的内容改变了， 这个字符串对象就不再有任何所有者了，然后就被释放了：

这个时候， weakName 变量的值会自动变成 nil。 它也被叫做 “zeroing” weak 指针。

这个特性非常方便，因为它防止了指针指向了被释放的内存。 这种情况会导致很多 bug — 你可能听说过”悬空指针”或”僵尸”这样的术语 — 但多亏了 zeroing weak 指针， 这些不再是问题了！

你或许不会频繁的使用到 weak 指针。 他们大多在两个父子关系的对象上面比较有用。 父对象会有一个 strong 类型的指针指向子对象 — 因此它就”拥有”了子对象 — 但是为了防止所有关系循环， 子对象仅仅有一个 weak 指针指向父对象。

这样的一个例子是代理模式。 你的控制器拥有一个指向 UITableView 的 strong 指针。 Table View 的 datasource 和 delegate 反过来指向控制器，但用的是 weak 指针。 我们稍后会详细讨论这个。

下面这个非常有用：

[objc]  view plain copy __weak <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>str <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> initWithFormat<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>...<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       NSLog<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">@</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"%@"</span>, str<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;  <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// will output "(null)"</em></span>

这个 string 对象没有任何所有者(因为 str 是 weak 的)， 这个对象将会在创建后直接被释放掉。 Xcode 将会给你一个警告， 因为这或许不是你想要的结果 (“Warning: assigning retained object to weak variable; object will be released after assignment”)。

你可以用 __strong 关键字来表示一个变量是 strong 类型的指针：

[objc]  view plain copy __strong <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>firstName <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> self.textField.text;

但是因为变量默认就是 strong 的，这样做是多余的。

属性可以是 strong 的，也可以是 weak 的。 属性的表示方法如下：

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>nonatomic, strong<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>firstName;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>nonatomic, weak<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> <MyDelegate> delegate;

ARC 很强大， 可以真正的去掉你代码中杂乱的部分。 你不再需要考虑什么时候 retain 还是 release， 只需要知道你的对象如何和其他对象关联起来。 你需要问一下你自己： 谁拥有什么？

例如，在以前不可能像这样写代码：

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">id</span> obj <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>array objectAtIndex<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">0</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>array removeObjectAtIndex<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">0</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       NSLog<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">@</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"%@"</span>, obj<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;

在手工内存管理机制下， 从数组中删除这个对象将会让 obj 变量的内容失效。 一旦这个对象从数组中被删除掉，它就会被释放。 通过 NSLog() 来打印这个对象会导致应用崩溃。 在 ARC 中，上面的代码会正常的工作。 因为我们把这个对象赋值给 obj 变量， 它是一个 strong 指针， 数组不再是这个对象唯一的所有者。 即使我们从数组中把这个对象删除掉， 这个对象仍然有效， 因为 obj 还在指向它。

Automatic Reference Counting 也还有一些不足。 作为刚刚起步的特性， ARC 仅仅适用于 Objective-C 对象。 如果你的应用用到了 Core Foundation 或者 malloc() 和 free(), 你还需要负责内存管理。 我们将会在这篇教程后面的部分看到一些例子。 另外， 为了让 ARC 正确的工作，一些语言规则会变得更严格。 仅有小小的牺牲， 你得到的会比你付出的更多！

正因为 ARC 帮你在适当的位置处理了 retain 和 release， 但这并不代表你可以完全忘记内存管理机制。 因为 strong 指针能够保持对象存活， 仍然存在一些情况，你需要手动的把这些指针设置为 nil， 不然你的应用将会耗尽可用内存。如果你一直保持所有你创建的对象都存活，那么 ARC 将不能释放他们。 因此， 当你创建一个新对象的时候， 你还需要考虑谁拥有它，还有这个对象应该存活多久。

毫无疑问，ARC 将会是 Objective-C 的未来。 苹果鼓励开发者放弃手工内存管理，从而开始用 ARC 来写他们的新应用。 它能带来更简单的源代码和更健壮的应用。 在 ARC 中， 内存相关的崩溃已经成为了过去。

但是，因为我们成处于一个从手工向自动内存管理过渡的阶段， 你会经常碰到那些还不兼容 ARC 的代码， 不论是你自己的代码，还是第三方库的。 幸运的是，你可以将 ARC 和非 ARC 的代码共同用于一个项目，我将给你展示几个怎样实现的方法。

ARC 甚至能和 C++ 很好的结合。 只需要遵守很少的一些限制，你还可以在 iOS 4 中使用 ARC， 这个仅仅用于帮助加快它的采用进程。

一个聪明的开发者会试着尽可能的让他的工作自动化。 这正是 ARC 所提供的： 将你之前那些必须手动处理的初级编程工作自动化起来。 对我来说，这样的转变很容易。

应用

为了展示如何在实践中使用 Automatic Reference Counting。 我准备了一个简单的项目，我们将把它从手工内存管理转换到 ARC。 这个应用，Artists， 由一个Table View 和一个 Search Bar 组成的界面。 当你在Search Bar 中输入一些东西时， 这个应用调用 MusicBrainz API 来根据姓名搜索音乐家。

这个应用看起来是这样：

用他们自己的话说，MusicBrainz 是”一个开放的音乐百科全书， 为公众提供音乐的元数据”。 他们提供一个免费的 XML web service 来供你的应用调用。 如果像更多的了解 MusicBrainz， 可以去他们的网站看看 http://musicbrainz.org.

下载这个教程的起始项目, 并用 Xcode 打开它。 这个项目包含下面的源文件：

• AppDelegate.h/.m: 应用的代理。 这个没什么特别的，每个应用都有它。 它加载控制器，然后将它放到 window 上面。
• MainViewController.h/.m/.xib: 应用的控制器。 它有一个 table view 和一个 search bar， 并且做了最多的工作。
• SoundEffect.h/.m: 一个简单的类，用于播放特效声音。 当 MusicBrainz 搜索完成时，应用会发出一个小小的蜂鸣声。
• main.m: 应用的入口。

另外， 这个应用用到了两个第三方库。 你的应用可能会用到一些外部组件， 这也正好可以学习如何用 ARC 来处理这些库。

• AFHTTPRequestOperation.h/.m: 是 AFNetworking 库的一部分，可以让你简单的请求 web service。 我没有导入这个库的全部， 因为我们只需要用到这一个类。 你可以在这里找到完整的包 https://github.com/gowalla/AFNetworking
• SVProgresHUD.h/.m/.bundle: 当进行搜索的时候，它会在屏幕上显示一个进度指示器。 你以前可能还没见过 .bundle 文件。 这是一个特殊的目录，它包含了 SVProgressHUD 需要用到的图片。 可以在 Finder 中通过右键点击 .bundle 文件，然后选择 “显示包内容” 来查看这些图片。 关于这个组件更多的信息，可以查看这里： https://github.com/samvermette/SVProgressHUD

让我们快速的浏览一遍控制器的代码， 这样你能全面的了解应用是如何工作的。 MainViewController 是 UIViewController 的子类。 它的 nib 文件包含了一个 UITableView 对象和一个 UISearchBar 对象：

Table View 显示了 searchResults 数组中的内容。这个指针初始值是 nil。 当用户进行了一次搜索， 我们用 MusicBrainz 服务器响应的数据来填充这个数组。 如果没有相关的搜索结果，这个数组将会是空的(但不是 nil)， Table 上面会显示 “(Nothing found)”。 这些功能都是通过 UITableViewDataSource 的方法完成的：numberOfRowsInSection 和 cellForRowAtIndexPath。

实际的搜索过程是在 searchBarSearchButtonClicked 中进行的， 它是 UISearchBarDelegate 协议的一部分。

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">void</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>searchBarSearchButtonClicked<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>UISearchBar <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>theSearchBar       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>            <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>SVProgressHUD showInView<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>self.view status<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>             networkIndicator<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">YES</span> posY<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:-</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">1</span>             maskType<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>SVProgressHUDMaskTypeGradient<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

首先，我们创建了一个新的 HUD, 并且将他显示在 TableView 和 Search bar 的上面， 在网络请求完成之前， 阻止用户的任何输入：

然后我们创建 HTTP 请求的 URL。 我们用 MusicBrainz 的 API 来搜索艺术家。

[objc]  view plain copy <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>urlString <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSString_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSString</span></a> stringWithFormat<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>         <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">@</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"http://musicbrainz.org/ws/2/artist?query=artist:%@&limit=20"</span>,         <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self escape<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>searchBar.text<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSMutableURLRequest_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSMutableURLRequest</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>request <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSMutableURLRequest_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSMutableURLRequest</span></a>         requestWithURL<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURL_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSURL</span></a> URLWithString<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>urlString<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

要搜索的文字通过 escape 方法进行 URL 编码： 保证我们的 URL 是有效的。 空格和其他特殊符号会转换成类似这样的形式： %20 。

[objc]  view plain copy <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSDictionary_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSDictionary</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>headers <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSDictionary_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSDictionary</span></a> dictionaryWithObject<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>         <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self userAgent<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> forKey<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">@</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"User-Agent"</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>request setAllHTTPHeaderFields<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>headers<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

我们为 HTTP 请求添加了一个自定义的 User-Agent 头。 MusicBrainz API 需要它。 所有的请求都应该 “有一个合适的 User-Agent 请求头，以便用来标识发送请求的应用和版本。” 和你正在用的 API 配合好总是一个好主意， 所以我们像这样构建了一个 User-Agent 请求头：

[objc]  view plain copy com.yourcompany.Artists<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">/</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">1.0</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>unknown, iPhone OS <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">5.0</span>,         iPhone Simulator, Scale<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">/</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">1.000000</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>

()

(I took this formula from another part of the AFNetworking library and put it into the userAgent method in the view controller.)

MusicBrainz API 还有一些其他的规则。 客户端应用每秒只能发送一个请求到 web service 中， 否则它们的 IP 有可能被屏蔽。 这对我们的应用来说不是个大问题 — 用户不太可能做这么多次的搜索 — 所以我们不需要预防这类操作。

当我们创建完 NSMutableURLRequest 对象， 我们把它发给 AFHTTPRequestOperation 来处理：

[objc]  view plain copy AFHTTPRequestOperation <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>operation <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>AFHTTPRequestOperation         operationWithRequest<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>request completion<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:^</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLRequest_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSURLRequest</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>request,         <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSHTTPURLResponse_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSHTTPURLResponse</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>response, <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSData_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSData</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>data, <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSError_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSError</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>error<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>         <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// ...</em></span>                 <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;                 <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>queue addOperation<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>operation<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

AFHTTPRequestOperation 是 NSOperation 的一个子类， 这也意味着我们可以把它添加到 NSOperationQueue(在 queue 变量上) 中， 并且它会进行异步处理。 因为用到了 HUD， 当正在请求数据的时候，应用忽略了所有的用户输入。

我们给 AFHTTPRequestOperation 指定了一个 block， 当请求完成的时候它会被调用。 在 block 中，我们首先检测请求是否成功(通过 HTTP 状态码 200)。 在这个应用中我们对为什么失败不感兴趣； 如果失败了，我们仅仅让 HUD 以一个”失败”动画消失。 注意 completion block 不一定会在主线程上执行， 所以我们需要将对 SVProgressHUD 的调用包装到 dispatch_async() 中。

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">if</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>response.statusCode <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">==</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">200</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">&&</span> data <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">!=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>           . . .      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">else</span>  <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(17,116,10)"><em>// something went wrong</em></span>      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>           dispatch_async<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>dispatch_get_main_queue<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>, <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">^</span>           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>                <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>SVProgressHUD dismissWithError<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">@</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"Error"</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>

现在开看看有趣的部分。 如果请求成功了， 我们创建 searchResults 数组，并且解析响应。 服务端返回的数据是 XML 格式的，所以我们用 NSXMLParser 来解析它。

[objc]  view plain copy                self.searchResults <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSMutableArray_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSMutableArray</span></a> arrayWithCapacity<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(36,0,217)">10</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;                              <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSXMLParser_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSXMLParser</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>parser <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSXMLParser_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSXMLParser</span></a> alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> initWithData<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>data<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;                      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>parser setDelegate<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>self<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;                      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>parser parse<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;                      <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>parser release<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;                              <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.searchResults sortUsingSelector<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@selector</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

你可以在 NSXMLParserDelegate 的方法中找到解析 XML 的逻辑代码， 我们实际上仅仅查找了名称为 “sort-name” 的元素。 它们包含了艺术家的姓名。 我们将这些姓名以 NSString 对象的形式放入 searchResults 数组。 当 XML 解析完成时， 我们以字母表顺序对这个数组进行排序， 并且在主线程中更新界面显示：

[objc]  view plain copy dispatch_async<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>dispatch_get_main_queue<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>, <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">^</span>       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.soundEffect play<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>self.tableView reloadData<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>SVProgressHUD dismiss<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;

这些就是这个应用如何工作的。 它使用手工内存管理，并且没有用到任何 iOS 5 的特性。 现在，让我们把它转换到 ARC 吧。

自动转换

我们将要把 Artists 应用转换到 ARC。 简单来说， 我们不再需要调用 retain, release 和 autorelease 了， 但在一些特定情况下，我们还需要做一些特殊处理。

这里有三个方式能让你的应用做到 ARC 兼容：

1. Xcode 有一个自动转换工具， 他可以迁移你的源代码。
2. 你可以手工的转换这些文件。
3. 你可以对那些你不想转换的文件禁用 ARC。 这对那些你不想混在一起的第三方库非常有用。

我们将在 Artists 应用中用到所有这些操作， 仅为了向你展示所有这些是如何工作的。 在这个部分， 我们将会通过 Xcode 的自动转换工具来转换源文件， 除了 MainViewController 和 AFHTTPRequestOperation。

在我们做这些事情之前， 你应该把项目拷贝一份，因为这个工具会覆盖原来的文件。 Xcode 会提供一个对源代码的预览界面， 但是为了防止丢失，我无论如何也会备份一份。

ARC 是 LLVM 3.0 的一个新特性。 你现有的项目很可能用的是老的 GCC 4.2 或者 LLVM-GCC 编译器， 所以首先要做的是将项目的编译器切换到新版本，看一看编译器是否在非 ARC 模式。 进入 Project Settings 界面，

选择 Artists target， 在 Build Settings 选项卡中的搜索框中输入 “compiler”. 这样可以过滤列表，展示出编译选项：

点选 Compiler for C/C++/Objective-C 选项，修改它为 Apple LLVM compiler 3.0：

在 Warnings 头中，还要把 Other Linker Flags 设置为 -Wall。 这样编译器将会检测所有会导致问题的情况。 默认情况下，这些警告消息是被关闭的，但是我发现总是把他们打开并且将每一个都看作是致命错误是很有用的。 换句话说， 如果编译器给出任何警告，我将会在继续其他工作之前修复它。 是否在你自己的项目中也这样做完全取决于你， 但是在转换到 ARC 的过程中， 我推荐你仔细看看编译器给出的每一个问题。

同样地， 也要在 Build Options 头中打开 Run Static Analyzer:

Xcode 现在将会在每次构建项目的时候运行静态分析。 这会让构建的速度稍微慢一点， 但是作为我们这种规模的应用来说，这不算什么。

让我们来构建一下应用， 看看新的编译器会给出什么问题. 首先我们用 Product -> Clean(或 Shift-Cmd-K) 进行一次清理。 然后按下 Cmd-B 来构建应用。 Xcode 应该不会收到任何警告。 如果你在将你自己的项目转换到 ARC， 并且收到了警告消息， 那么现在正是修复他们的时候。

让我们把编译器切换到 ARC 模式，并且再次构建应用。 我们收到了一大堆错误消息， 现在正好可以看看这些究竟是什么。

仍然在 Build Settings 屏幕中， 切换到 “All” 可以看到所有可用的设置(Basic选项仅仅显示最常用到的设置)。 搜索 “automatic”， 设置 Objective-C Automatic Reference Counting 选项为 YES。 设置一个项目范围的标记， 用来告诉 Xcode 你将要用 ARC 编译器来编译你的项目中所有的源文件。

再次构建应用， 你应该会看到一大堆错误：

很明显，我们要进行一些迁移！ 大多数的错误都很明显，他们说的都是你不能再用 retain,release 和 autorelease 了。 我们可以完全手工的修正这些错误， 但是使用自动转换工具会更容易一些。 这个工具会用 ARC 模式来编译应用， 然后对每一个它遇到的错误的地方进行重写，直到项目不再报错。

在 Xcode 菜单中， 选择 EditRefactorConvert to Objective-C ARC.。

一个新的窗口会弹出来， 让你选择哪些部分是你想要转换的：

我们不希望转换整个项目， 只选择下面这些文件：

• main.m
• AppDelegate.m
• SVProgressHUD.m
• SoundEffect.m

这个对话框显示了一个小警告图标，用来指示这个项目已经使用了 ARC。 这是因为我们之前在 Build Settings 中开启了 Objective-C Automatic Reference Counting 选项， 所以自动转换工具会认为它已经是一个 ARC 项目了。 你可以忽略这个警告， 他不会对转换造成影响。

按下 Precheck 按钮来开始转换。 这个工具首先会检测你的代码是否处于足够好的状态来转换到 ARC。 我们之前用新的 LLVM 3.0 编译器成功的构建了我们的应用， 但是很明显这次不行。 Xcode 会给出如下错误：

它提示 “ARC readiness issues”， 我们应该开启 “Continue building after errors” 选项。 我们应该先开启这个选项。 打开 Xcode 的 Preferences 窗口 (在 Xcode 的菜单中), 进入 General 标签。 开启选项 “Continue building after errors”:

让我们再试一次。选择 EditRefactorConvert to Objective-C ARC 并且选中除了 MainViewController.m 和 AFHTTPRequestOperation.m 之外的所有源文件。 按下 Precheck 按钮。

很不幸， 我们再一次得到了一个错误。 和刚才不同的是这次编译器能够在转换之前找出我们需要修复的所有问题。 幸运的是， 只有一个错误:

你可能会在这个列表中看到更多的错我。 有时转换工具会提示那些不完全是 “ARC readiness” 性的错误。

我们这个问题的完整描述是：

[objc]  view plain copy Cast of Objective<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span>C pointer type <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">'NSURL *'</span> to C pointer type <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">'CFURLRef'</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>aka <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">'const struct __CFURL *'</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> requires a bridged cast

在源代码编辑器中它看起来是这样的：

我会在后面更详细的讨论它， 但这里的代码想尝试着把 NSURL 对象转换成 CFURLRef 对象。 AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID() 函数接受一个 CFURLRef 参数， 用来描述声音文件的位置， 但是我们给他的是一个 NSURL 对象。 CFURLRef and NSURL 是 “可互换的”， 这样可以在需要 CFURLRef 的地方使用 NSURL， 反过来也一样。

一般情况下， iOS 中基于 C 语言的 API 会用到 Core Foundation 对象 (这也是 CF 的意思)， 而基于 Objective-C 的 API 用的是继承自 NSObject 的”真正的”对象。 有时你需要在这两者之间进行转换， 这也是 “可互换的” 对象所代表的意思。

然而， 当你使用 ARC 的时候，编译器需要知道应该怎样处理 “可互换的” 这些对象。 如果你在需要 CFURLRef 的地方使用了 NSURL， 那么谁负责在最后释放这些内存呢？ 为了解决这个难题， 一系列的新关键字被引入进来：

__bridge, __bridge_transfer 和 __bridge_retained。 我们会在接下来的教程中深入的了解如何使用它们。

现在我们需要按照下面的方式修改源代码：

[objc]  view plain copy OSStatus error <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> AudioServicesCreateSystemSoundID<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>__bridge CFURLRef<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>         fileURL, <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">&</span>theSoundID<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;

预检测可能会给出不止这一个错误。 你可以安全的忽略它们， 上面对 SoundEffect.m 的修改是唯一一个我们要做的。 转换工具看起来对把什么当做 “ARC 先决条件问题” 也不是很确定。

让我们再运行一次转换工具 – EditRefactorConvert to Objective-C ARC。 这次预检测运行的没有任何问题， 我们将会得到这样的界面：

点击 Next 继续。 几秒钟之后， Xcode 将会为他要修改的所有文件和在这些文件上面进行的修改内容显示一个预览界面。 左边的面板显示的是修改过的文件，右边的面板显示的是原始文件。

一个好的习惯是浏览一下所有这些文件，确保 Xcode 不会弄乱任何东西。让我们从头到尾看一遍转换工具给我们展示的修改内容吧。

AppDelegate.h

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>strong, nonatomic<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> UIWindow <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>window;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>strong, nonatomic<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> MainViewController <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>viewController;

App Delegate 有两个属性， 一个是 Window， 另一个是 View Controller。 这个项目没有包含 MainWindow.xib 文件， 所以这两个对象由 AppDelegate 在 application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: 方法中创建， 并存放到属性中以便进行内存管理。

这些属性的声明修改如下:

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>retain, nonatomic<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>

修改为：

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>strong, nonatomic<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>

strong 关键字和你想象的一样。 它告诉 ARC 这个属性对应的 synthesize 声明的实例变量，持有一个当前对象的强引用。 换句话说， window 属性包含了一个指向 UIWindow 对象的指针，并且作为这个 UIWindow 对象的所有者。 只要 window 属性还保留着它的值， 那么这个 UIWindow 对象就一直存活。 viewController 属性和 MainViewController 对象也是一样的。

AppDelegate.m

在 AppDelegate.m 中， 创建 window 和 view controller 对象的代码被修改了， 并且 dealloc 方法完全被删除了：

看看他们之间不同的地方，

[objc]  view plain copy self.window <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIWindow alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> initWithFrame<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIScreen mainScreen<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>         bounds<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> autorelease<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

和：

[objc]  view plain copy self.window <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIWindow alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> initWithFrame<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>UIScreen mainScreen<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>         bounds<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

这是没问题的， 不再需要调用 autorelease 了。 创建 view controller 的代码也是一样。

[objc]  view plain copy self.viewController <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>MainViewController alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> initWithNibName<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>         <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">@</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"MainViewController"</span> bundle<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> autorelease<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

现在变成了：

[objc]  view plain copy self.viewController <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>MainViewController alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> initWithNibName<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span>         <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">@</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(191,29,26)">"MainViewController"</span> bundle<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

在使用 ARC 之前， 如果你像这样写代码，如果这个属性声明成 “retain” 类型的， 那么就会造成内存泄露：

[objc]  view plain copy self.someProperty <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>SomeClass alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> init<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;

init 方法返回了一个被 retain 过的对象，又把它赋值给声明为 retain 的属性。 这也是为什么你必须要调用 autorelease， 用来和 init 方法中的 retain 进行平衡。 但是在 ARC 中，上面的代码是没问题的。 编译器足够的只能，可以发现它不应该被 retain 两次。

ARC 一个让我喜欢的地方是它完全不再需要写 dealloc 方法了。 当一个对象被释放时， 它的实例变量和属性也会自动跟着释放。 你不再需要写这些东西了：

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">-</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">void</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>dealloc       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>            <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>_window release<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;            <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>_viewController release<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;            <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>super dealloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>

因为 Objective-C 自动的处理了这些问题。 事实上， 像上面这样写代码也是不可能的。 在 ARC 中，你是不允许调用 release 和 [super dealloc] 消息的。 你仍然可以实现 dealloc 方法 — 并且后面你会看到一个例子 — 但这里不再需要手动的释放你的实例变量。

自动转换工具不会帮你把 AppDelegate 从 NSObject 的子类转换为 UIResponder 的子类。 当你用新的 Xcode 模板来创建项目的时候， AppDelegate 类已经是 UIResponder 的子类了。 让他继承自 NSObject 也没什么坏处， 但是如果你愿意，你可以将它继承自 UIResponder：

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@interface</span> AppDelegate <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">:</span> UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>

Main.m

在手工内存管理的应用中， [autorelease] 方法和 “autorelease pool” 一同工作， 它用 NSAutoreleasePool 对象来表示。 甚至 main.m 中也有一个， 如果你直接操作线程， 那么必须为每个线程创建一个你自己的 NSAutoreleasePool。 有时，开发者还会将 NSAutoreleasePool 放到一个工作量很大的循环中， 用来保证循环中的自动释放对象不会占据很大的内存，并且每次循环完成后都会被清楚掉。

在 ARC 中 autorelease 依然存在，即使你不需要直接的调用 [autorelease] 方法。 每次你用不是以 alloc, init, copy, mutableCopy 或 new 开头的方法返回一个对象时， ARC 编译器会自动帮你调用 autorelease 方法。 这些对象还会在 autorelease pool 中被释放。 一个比较大的差别是 NSAutoreleasePool 被写成了一个新的语法， @autoreleasepool。

自动转换工具把我们的 main() 函数从这样：

[objc]  view plain copy <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSAutoreleasePool_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSAutoreleasePool</span></a><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span> pool <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span><a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSAutoreleasePool_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSAutoreleasePool</span></a> alloc<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span> init<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">int</span> retVal <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> UIApplicationMain<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>argc, argv, <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>,         NSStringFromClass<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>AppDelegate class<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>pool release<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> retVal;

转换成这样：

[objc]  view plain copy @autoreleasepool <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">{</span>         <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">int</span> retVal <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> UIApplicationMain<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>argc, argv, <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>,           NSStringFromClass<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>AppDelegate class<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>;           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">return</span> retVal;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">}</span>

不仅对我们开发人员来说，它更容易阅读，而且在它的内部也进行了很多修改， 让这个新的 autorelease pool 比之前的快很多。 除非你在之前自己的代码中用到了 NSAutoreleasePool， 在 ARC 中你几乎不用再关心 autorelease 了， 你需要把它替换成 @autoreleasepool 代码块。 转换工具会自动的帮你完成这个工作。

SoundEffect.m

这个文件没怎么修改， 只是删除了 [super dealloc] 的调用。 你不能再在 dealloc 方法中调用 super 了。

注意 dealloc 方法在这里仍然是必须的。 在你的大多数类中你可以直接忘掉 dealloc， 让编译器替你处理这些事情。 然而，有时候， 你需要手工的释放一些资源。 这个类就属于这种情况。 当 SoundEffect 被释放的时候， 我们需要调用 AudioServicesDisposeSystemSoundID() 方法来清理 sound 对象并释放它。

SVProgressHUD.m

这个文件是这几个里面修改最多的， 但都比较琐碎。

在 SVProgressHUD.m 的顶部，你需要找到称为 “类扩展” 的代码， @interface SVProgressHUD ()， 这里有一些属性的声明。 如果你不熟悉类扩展， 他们其实和 Category 很像，但有一些特殊的能力。 类扩展的定义和 Category 很相似， 但是它在 () 之间没有任何名字。 类扩展可以带有属性和实例变量， 而 Category 没有这些， 你仅仅能在这个类的 .m 文件中引用它们。 (话句话说，你不能在其他类中引用这个类扩展) 。

类扩展最酷的地方是，它能让你在你的类中增加私有属性和方法。 如果你不想在 public @interface 中暴露一些属性和方法， 那么你就可以把它们放到类扩展中。 这也是 SVProgressHUD 做的事情。

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@interface</span> SVProgressHUD <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>               ...       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>nonatomic, strong<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSTimer_Class/" style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,104,55); text-decoration:none"><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(64,0,128)">NSTimer</span></a> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>fadeOutTimer;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>nonatomic, strong<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> UILabel <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>stringLabel;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>nonatomic, strong<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> UIImageView <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>imageView;       <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@property</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>nonatomic, strong<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span> UIActivityIndicatorView <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">*</span>spinnerView;       ...               <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">@end</span>

像我们之前看到的， retain 的属性现在变成了 strong。 如果你浏览一下预览视图， 你会看到其他的更改只是简单的删除掉 retain 和 release 语句。

实际的应用它

如果你对转换工具做的修改还满意， 按下 Save 按钮，让他生效。 Xcode 首先会问题是否希望在进行文件修改之前保存一下项目的快照:

你应该点 Enable。 如果你退回到原来的代码， 你可以在 Organizer 中找到项目的快照。

当 ARC 转换工具完成后， 按下 Cmd+B 来构建应用。 构建应该成功的完成。 但会有一些关于 SVProgressHUD.m 的新警告：

注意到在这个类中仍然用到了 dealloc 方法， 在这里停止了 timer 并且从 NSNotificationCenter 中注销了通知。 很明显，这些是 ARC 不能帮你做的。

包含警告的这行代码看起来是这样：

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">if</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>fadeOutTimer <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">!=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>            <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>fadeOutTimer invalidate<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>, <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>fadeOutTimer release<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>, fadeOutTimer <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>;

现在是:

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">if</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>fadeOutTimer <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">!=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>            <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>fadeOutTimer invalidate<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>, fadeOutTimer, fadeOutTimer <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>;

工具删除了对 [release] 的调用， 但是它把变量还留在那。 一个单独的变量放在那没有任何用处，所以 Xcode 发出了警告。 这种情况自动转换工具是不能预知的。

如果你对逗号这种语法看到困惑， 那么你要知道，在 Objective-C 用逗号将多个表达式连接成一个语句是有效的。 上面是一个释放对象和设置相应的实例变量为空时的一个通用技巧。 因为所有事情都在一行代码中处理了。 所以不需要花括号。

你可以修改这行代码来消除警告：

[objc]  view plain copy <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">if</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">(</span>fadeOutTimer <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">!=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span><span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">)</span>           <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">[</span>fadeOutTimer invalidate<span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">]</span>, fadeOutTimer <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(0,34,0)">=</span> <span style="margin-top:0px; margin-right:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-bottom:0px; padding-left:0px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; outline-width:0px; outline-style:initial; outline-color:initial; font-weight:inherit; font-style:inherit; font-size:12px; font-family:inherit; vertical-align:baseline; color:rgb(166,19,144)">nil</span>;

从技术上说我们不需要这个 fadeOutTimer = nil; 在 dealloc 中， 对象会在被删除时释放它所有的实例变量。 但在其他的方法中， 当 timer 失效之后， 你必须设置 fadeOutTimer 为 nil。 如果你不这样做， SVProgressHUD 会长时间等待这个失效的 timer。

再次构建应用， 这次不会有任何警告。 转换成功了！

但是，等一下， 我们在转换时跳过了 MainViewController 和 AFHTTPRequestOperation。 他们是如何在编译过程中没有任何问题的? 当我们之前试着用 ARC 来构建项目时， 在这些文件中会出现很多错误。

答案很简单： 转换工具为这两个源文件关闭了 ARC 功能。 你可以在 Project Settings 的 Build Phases 标签中看到他们：

我们之前通过在 Build Settings 中设置 Objective-C Automatic Reference Counting 选项为 YES， 在项目全局开启了 ARC。 但是你也可以告诉编译器一些例外，让它忽略一些指定的文件， 通过 -fno-objc-arc 标记。 Xcode 将会为这些文件关闭 ARC。

因为，不可能期待开发者一次性的将整个项目迁移到 ARC 中， Apple 的员工们让 ARC 和非 ARC 的代码可以在同一个项目中工作。 提示： 一个简单的方式是，直接通过转换工具迁移那些你想转换的文件，然后它会自动为其余的文件增加 -fno-objc-arc 标记。 你也可以手工的添加这些标记， 但当你有很多文件的时候，这会很无聊。