在没有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情况下,因需要在service(or Dao)层里把session关闭,所以lazy loading 为true的话,要在应用层内把关系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否则Hibernate抛session already closed Exception; Open Session In View提供了一种简便的方法,较好地解决了lazy loading问题.
它有两种配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具体参看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一个在web.xml配置,另一个在application.xml配置而已。
Open Session In View在request把session绑定到当前thread期间一直保持hibernate session在open状态,使session在request的整个期间都可以使用,如在View层里PO也可以lazy loading数据,如 ${ company.employees }。当View 层逻辑完成后,才会通过Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自动关闭session。
OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置
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<beans>
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<bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor"
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class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">
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<property name="sessionFactory">
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<ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
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</property>
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</bean>
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<bean id="urlMapping"
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class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
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<property name="interceptors">
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<list>
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<ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>
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</list>
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</property>
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<property name="mappings">
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...
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</property>
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</bean>
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...
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</beans>
OpenSessionInViewFilter配置
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<web-app>
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...
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<filter>
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<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
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<filter-class>
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org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
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</filter-class>
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<!-- singleSession默认为true,若设为false则等于没用OpenSessionInView -->
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<init-param>
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<param-name>singleSession</param-name>
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<param-value>true</param-value>
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</init-param>
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</filter>
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...
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<filter-mapping>
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<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
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<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
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</filter-mapping>
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...
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</web-app>
很多人在使用OpenSessionInView过程中提及一个错误:
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org.
springframework.
dao.
InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations
-
are not allowed in read-only mode
(FlushMode.
NEVER
) - turn your Session into
-
FlushMode.
AUTO or remove
'readOnly' marker from transaction definition
看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的几个方法
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protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory();
logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
Session session = getSession(sessionFactory);
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource
(
sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session));
try
{
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
finally
{
TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory);
logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
closeSession(session, sessionFactory);
}
}
-
protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory
)
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException
{
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true);
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);
return session;
}
protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);
}
关于绑定session的方式,通过看spring里TransactionSynchronizationManager的实现,发现:它维护一个java.lang.ThreadLocal类型的resources,resources负责持有线程局部变量,这里resources持有的是一个HashMap,通过TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource()方法在map里绑定和线程相关的所有变量到他们的标识上,包括如上所述的绑定在sessionFactory上的线程局部session。sessionHolder只不过是存放可以hold一个session并可以和transtaction同步的容器。可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的时候,会把获取回来的session的flush mode 设为FlushMode.NEVER。然后把该sessionFactory绑定到TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整个过程都使用同一个session,在请求过后再接除该sessionFactory的绑定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根据该session是否已和transaction绑定来决定是否关闭session。绑定以后,就可以防止每次不会新开一个Session呢?看看HibernateDaoSupport的情况:
1. public final void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { 2. this.hibernateTemplate = new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory); 3. } 4. protected final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() { 5. return hibernateTemplate; 6. }
我们的DAO将使用这个template进行操作.
public abstract class BaseHibernateObjectDao extends HibernateDaoSupport
implements BaseObjectDao {
protected BaseEntityObject getByClassId(final long id) {
BaseEntityObject obj =(BaseEntityObject) getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
return session.get(getPersistentClass(),new Long(id));
}
});
return obj;
}
public void save(BaseEntityObject entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(entity);
}
public void remove(BaseEntityObject entity) {
try {
getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new FlexEnterpriseDataAccessException(e);
}
}
public void refresh(final BaseEntityObject entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
session.refresh(entity);
return null;
}
});
}
public void replicate(final Object entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session)throws HibernateException {
session.replicate(entity,ReplicationMode.OVERWRITE);
return null;
}
});
}
}
而HibernateTemplate试图每次在execute之前去获得Session,执行完就力争关闭Session
1. public Object execute(HibernateCallback action) throws DataAccessException { 2. Session session = (!this.allowCreate ? 3. SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(), 4. false) : 5. SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(), 6. getEntityInterceptor(), 7. getJdbcExceptionTranslator())); 8. boolean existingTransaction = 9. TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(getSessionFactory()); 10. if (!existingTransaction && getFlushMode() == FLUSH_NEVER) { 11. session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER); 12. } 13. try { 14. Object result = action.doInHibernate(session); 15. flushIfNecessary(session, existingTransaction); 16. return result; 17. } 18. catch (HibernateException ex) { 19. throw convertHibernateAccessException(ex); 20. } 21. finally { 22. SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary( 23. session, getSessionFactory()); 24. } 25. }
而这个SessionFactoryUtils能否得到当前的session以及closeSessionIfNecessary是否真正关闭session,端取决于这个session是否用sessionHolder和这个sessionFactory在我们最开始提到的TransactionSynchronizationManager绑定。
public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
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throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
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if (session == null ||
TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {
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return;
-
}
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logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");
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try {
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session.close();
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}
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catch (JDBCException ex) {
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// SQLException underneath
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throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException());
-
}
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catch (HibernateException ex) {
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throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex);
-
}
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}
在这个过程中,若HibernateTemplate 发现自当前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就会获取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法拥有写权限。也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER转为Flush.AUTO,拥有insert,update,delete操作权限,如果没有transaction,并且没有另外人为地设flush model的话,则doFilter的整个过程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保护的方法有写权限,没受保护的则没有。
- 可能的解決方式有:
1、将singleSession设为false,这样只要改web.xml,缺点是Hibernate Session的Instance可能会大增,使用的JDBC Connection量也会大增,如果Connection Pool的maxPoolSize设得太小,很容易就出问题。
2、在控制器中自行管理Session的FlushMode,麻烦的是每个有Modify的Method都要多几行程式。
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
session.update(user);
session.flush();
3、Extend OpenSessionInViewFilter,Override protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory),将FlushMode直接改为Auto。
4、让方法受Spring的事务控制。这就是常使用的方法: