objective-c dictionary(字典)

     dictionary是由键-对象组成的数据集合。正如在词典中查找单词的定义一样，可通过对象的键从objective-c词典中获取所需的值。

词典中的键必须是单值的，尽管它们通常是字符串，但还可以是任何对象类型。和键关联的值可以是任何对象类型，但它们不能为nil。

 

下面是一个使用词典的类:

#import <Foundation/NSDictionary.h> #import <Foundation/NSObject.h> #import <Foundation/NSString.h> #import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; //immutable dictionary NSDictionary *tires = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys : @"front-left",@"t1" , @"front-right",@"t2" , @"back-left",@"t3" , @"back-right",@"t4" ,nil]; //display immutable dictionary NSLog(@"t1: %@",[tires objectForKey: @"t1"]); NSLog(@"t2: %@",[tires objectForKey: @"t2"]); NSLog(@"t3: %@",[tires objectForKey: @"t3"]); NSLog(@"t4: %@",[tires objectForKey: @"t4"]); //mutable dictionary NSMutableDictionary *glossary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; //Store three entries in the glossary //use setObject:forKey: method to set key/value [glossary setObject: @"A class defined so other classes can inherit from it" forKey: @"abstract class"]; [glossary setObject: @"To implment all the methods defined in a protocol" forKey: @"adopt"]; [glossary setObject: @"Storing an object for later use" forKey: @"archiving"]; //Retrieve and display them //use objectForKey:key method to retrieve the value NSLog(@"abstract class: %@",[glossary objectForKey: @"abstract class"]); NSLog(@"adopt: %@",[glossary objectForKey: @"adopt"]); NSLog(@"archiving: %@",[glossary objectForKey: @"archiving"]); [pool drain]; return 0; }

 

 

常用的NSDictionary方法：

 

+(id) dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:                      使用键-对象{key1,obj1}、{key2,obj2}...创建词典

obj1,key1,obj2,key2,...,nil;

 

-(id) initWithObjectsAndKeys:                                  将新分配的词典初始化为键-对象对{key1,obj1}{key2,obj2}...创建词典

obj1,key1,obj2,key2...,nil;

 

-(unsigned int) count                                               返回词典中的记录数

 

-(NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator                          为词典中所有键返回一个NSEnumerator对象

 

-(NSArray *) keysSortedByVlaueUsingSelector:       返回词典中的键数组，它根据selector 指定的比较方法进行了排序

(SEL) selector

 

-(id) objectForKey:key                                              返回指定key的对象

 

 

常用的NSMutableDictionary方法：

 

+(id) dictionaryWithCapacity:size               使用一个初始指定的size创建可变词典

 

-(id) initWithCapacity:size                           将新分配的词典初始化为指定的size

 

-(void) removeAllObjects                            删除词典中所有的记录

 

-(void) removeObjectForKey:key               删除词曲中指定key对应的记录

 

-(void) setObject: obj forKey: key             向词典为key 键添加obj,如果key已存丰，则替换该值