如何设置Oracle Events以跟踪数据库

Events事件是Oracle的重要诊断工具及问题解决办法，很多时候需要通过Events设置来屏蔽或者更改Oracle的行为;

有四种类型的Events:

 

       Immediate dumps

 

       Conditional dumps

 

       Trace dumps

 

       Events that change database behaviour

 

每一个事件都有一个号跟Oracle的错误信息是一样的.如10046和ORA-10046

 

每一个事件都有一个Level,可以是以下:

 

       范围1到10

 

       位标 0x01 0x02 0x04 0x08 0x10

 

       标识 0=off,1=on

 

       ID号 对象ID(object id),内存地址(memory address)

 

要注意的是,Events在每一个版本之间都有所改变.有一些存在的事件可能存在争议性或者已经不可用了,往往这些事件号会由新的事件所替代掉.也要注意在当前的版本中message file不一定可以反映出Events.

 

很多Events都会影响数据库的行为,一些测试Events极有可能导致数据库DOWN掉.所以,在没有Oracle Support的前提下,最好不要在PRO系统上做Events操作.DEV系统上如果要做Events最好先做个数据库的全备份.

 

Enabling Events(Enable事件)

 

Events可以在Instance一级Enabled,主要是在INIT.ORA文件中做操作:

 

       event='event trace name context forever, level level';

 

(红色部分:event指事件号.level指定事件的级别)

 

  一次可以Enable多个事件,可以用以下两种方式:

 

1.  用一个冒号隔开

 

     event = "10248 trace name context forever, level 10:10249 trace name context forever, level 10"

 

2.  两个Events分开写

 

    event="10248 trace name context forever, level 10"

 

    event="10249 trace name context forever, level 10"#一些版本的Oracle，event要一样的大小写

 

Events也可以在Instance一级用ALTER SYSTEM命令来Enable:

 

      ALTER SYSTEM SET EVENTS 'event trace name context forever, level level';

 

　在Instance一级用以下Disable

 

      ALTER SYSTEM SET EVENTS 'event trace name context off';

 

  Events也可以在Session一级用ALTER SESSION命令来Enable:

 

        ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS 'event trace name context forever, level level';

 

  在Session一级用以下命令Disable:

 

ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS 'event trace name context off';

 

 Events在其他的Session用ORADEBUG来Enable:

 

 在一个Process中实现Enable:

 

       ORADEBUG EVENT event TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL level

 

 在某个进程中Enable:

 

        ORADEBUG SETORAPID 8(PID进程号)

 

       ORADEBUG EVENT event TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL level

 

 以下命令Disable:

 

  ORADEBUG EVENT event TRACE NAME CONTEXT OFF

 

在Session中实现Enable:

 

  ORADEBUG SESSION_EVENT event TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL level

 

在Session中实现Disable:

 

  ORADEBUG SESSION_EVENT event TRACE NAME CONTEXT OFF

 

Events也可以用DBMS_SYSTEM.SETEV包来实现Enable和Disable

 

    (在做之前要先从V$session视图中获得SID和Serial#)

 

用以下方式:EXECUTE DBMS_SYSTEM.SET_EV(SID,Serial#,event,level, '')

 

如EXECUTE dbms_system.set_ev (9,29,10046,8,'');

 

  要Disable则将level改为0,如: EXECUTE dbms_system.set_ev (9,29,10046,0,'');

 

Listing All Events:(列出所有可用的Events)

 

大部分的Events number的范围都在10000到10999.可以用以下命令Dump出所有的信息

 

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

 

DECLARE

 

   err_msg VARCHAR2(120);

 

BEGIN

 

   dbms_output.enable (1000000);

 

   FOR err_num IN 10000..10999

 

   LOOP

 

    err_msg := SQLERRM (-err_num);

 

    IF err_msg NOT LIKE '%Message '||err_num||' not found%' THEN

 

      dbms_output.put_line (err_msg);

 

    END IF;

 

  END LOOP;

 

END;

 

/

 

在UNIX系统下message文件在底下目录$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msg

 

在NT系统下message文件在底下目录$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msg

 

Listing Enabled Events(列出Enabled Events)

 

  用以下命令列出在当前Session已经Enabled Events:

 

SET linesize 120
SET feedback OFF
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE err_msg VARCHAR2(120);
BEGIN
 dbms_output.enable (1000000);
 FOR err_num IN 10000..10999 LOOP
 err_msg := SQLERRM (-err_num);
  IF err_msg NOT LIKE '%Message '||err_num||' not found%' THEN
    dbms_output.put_line (err_msg);
   END IF;
 END LOOP;
END;

 

/

 

常用Events的参考:(红色的为最常用的而且对DBA比较有用的Events)

 

Event 10013 - Monitor Transaction Recovery------在Startup时跟踪事务恢复

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10013 trace name context forever, level 1';

 

Event 10015 - Dump Undo Segment Headers----在事务恢复后做Dump回退段头信息

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10015 trace name context forever, level 1';

 

Event 10032 - Dump Sort Statistics----Dump排序的统计信息,level 10是最详细的

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10032 trace name context forever, level 10';

 

Event 10033 - Dump Sort Intermediate Run Statistics—level 10(不明白)

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10033 trace name context forever, level 10';

 

Event 10045 - Trace Free List Management Operations—跟踪Freelist

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10045 trace name context forever, level 1';

 

Event 10046 - Enable SQL Statement Trace---跟踪SQL,有执行计划,邦定变量和等待的统计信息,level 12最详细

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10046 trace name context forever, level 12';

 

级别level参考如下图:

 

       Level      Action

 

1     Print SQL statements, execution plans and execution statistics

 

4     As level 1 plus bind variables

 

8     As level 1 plus wait statistics

 

12   As level 1 plus bind variables and wait statistics

 

 

 

Event 10053 - Dump Optimizer Decisions---在分析SQL语句时,Dump出优化器所做的选择,级别level 1最详细

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10053 trace name context forever, level 1';

 

参考level:

 

Level      Action

 

1     Print statistics and computations

 

2     Print computations only

 

Event 10060 - Dump Predicates---(参考http://www.juliandyke.com/)

 

Event 10065 - Restrict Library Cache Dump Output for State Object Dumps-(参考http://www.juliandyke.com/)

 

Event 10079 - Dump SQL*Net Statistics---Dump SQL*NeT的统计信息

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10079 trace name context forever, level 2';

 

Event 10081 - Trace High Water Mark Changes—跟踪HWM的改变

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10081 trace name context forever, level 1';

 

Event 10104 - Dump Hash Join Statistics—Dump HASH JOIN的统计信息,用level 10

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10104 trace name context forever, level 10';

 

Event 10128 - Dump Partition Pruning Information—Dump分区表信息

 

       ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10128 trace name context forever, level level';

 

  Level参考

 

Level      Action

 

0x0001   Dump pruning descriptor for each partitioned object

 

0x0002   Dump partition iterators

 

0x0004   Dump optimizer decisions about partition-wise joins

 

0x0008   Dump ROWID range scan pruning information

 

 

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