synchronized/wait/notify 与 mutex/cond wait wake ~ 链表队列 生产消费问题

使用条件变量 + 互斥区 
http://blogread.cn/it/article/7248?f=catetitle
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=mFxsi1w7pYQI3p-C175_u14hB0fCbYFr4JqPlNpfEZEbn4l1wZLuHuLgsrc__rvA815BnG99hyUoYgq1SGsw5a

类比： c++ pthread_mutex_[un]lock(obj) 与 java synchronize(obj)
c++ pthread_cond_wait(cond, obj) 与 java wait(obj)

#include<pthread.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
 
static pthread_mutex_t mtx=PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static pthread_cond_t cond=PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
 
struct node {
    int n_number;
    struct node *n_next;
} *head=NULL; /*[thread_func]*/
 
/*释放节点内存*/
static void cleanup_handler(void*arg) {
    printf("Clean up handler of second thread.\n");
    free(arg);
    (void)pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx);
}
 
static void *thread_func(void *arg) {
    struct node*p=NULL;
    pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup_handler,p);
 
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);
    //这个mutex_lock主要是用来保护wait等待临界时期的情况，
    //当在wait为放入队列时，这时，已经存在Head条件等待激活
    //的条件，此时可能会漏掉这种处理
    //这个while要特别说明一下，单个pthread_cond_wait功能很完善，
    //为何这里要有一个while(head==NULL)呢？因为pthread_cond_wait
    //里的线程可能会被意外唤醒，如果这个时候head==NULL，
    //则不是我们想要的情况。这个时候，
    //应该让线程继续进入pthread_cond_wait
    while(1) {
        while(head==NULL) {
            pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mtx);
        }
        //pthread_cond_wait会先解除之前的pthread_mutex_lock锁定的mtx，
        //然后阻塞在等待队列里休眠，直到再次被唤醒
        //（大多数情况下是等待的条件成立而被唤醒，唤醒后，
        //该进程会先锁定先pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);，
        //再读取资源用这个流程是比较清楚的
        /*block-->unlock-->wait()return-->lock*/
        p=head;
        head=head->n_next;
        printf("Got%dfromfrontofqueue\n",p->n_number);
        free(p);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx);//临界区数据操作完毕，释放互斥锁
 
    pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
    return 0;
}
 
int main(void) {
    pthread_t tid;
    int i;
    struct node *p;
    pthread_create(&tid,NULL,thread_func,NULL);
    //子线程会一直等待资源，类似生产者和消费者，
    //但是这里的消费者可以是多个消费者，
    //而不仅仅支持普通的单个消费者，这个模型虽然简单，
    //但是很强大
    for(i=0;i<10;i++) {
        p=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
        p->n_number=i;
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx);//需要操作head这个临界资源，先加锁，
        p->n_next=head;
        head=p;
        pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtx);//解锁
        sleep(1);
    }
    printf("thread1wannaendthecancelthread2.\n");
    pthread_cancel(tid);
    //关于pthread_cancel，有一点额外的说明，它是从外部终止子线程，
    //子线程会在最近的取消点，退出线程，而在我们的代码里，最近的
    //取消点肯定就是pthread_cond_wait()了。
    pthread_join(tid,NULL);
    printf("Alldone--exiting\n");
    return 0;
}

附上c++版synchronize/wait/notify条件变量实现（cond） 

class NormalCond : public Cond
{
public:
    NormalCond() {
        pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, NULL);
        pthread_cond_init(&_cond, NULL);
    }
    ~NormalCond() {
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);
        pthread_cond_destroy(&_cond);
    }
    void lock() { pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex); }
    void unlock() { pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex); }
    void wait(size_t) { pthread_cond_wait(&_cond, &_mutex); }
    void wake() { pthread_cond_signal(&_cond); }
private:
    pthread_mutex_t _mutex;
    pthread_cond_t _cond;
};

class LayeredCond : public Cond
{
public:
    LayeredCond(size_t layers = 1) : _value(0), _layers(layers) {
        pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, NULL);
        if (_layers > sizeof(int)*8) {
            printf("FATAL: cannot support such layer %u (max %u)\n",
                    _layers, sizeof(int)*8);
            abort();
        }
        _waiters = new size_t[_layers];
        memset(_waiters, 0, sizeof(size_t)*_layers);
    }
    ~LayeredCond() {
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);
        delete _waiters;
        _waiters = NULL;
    }
    void lock() {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
    }
    void unlock() {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
    }
    void wait(size_t layer) {//cond wait
        if (layer >= _layers) {
            printf("FATAL: layer overflow (%u/%u)\n", layer, _layers);
            abort();
        }
        _waiters[layer]++;   //record waiter threads on condition "_value"
        while (_value == 0) {
            int value = _value;
            unlock();        
            syscall(__NR_futex, &_value, FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET, value,//suspend and wait for cond wake
                    NULL, NULL, layer2mask(layer));
            lock();          //when waked, try to get lock again
        }
        _waiters[layer]--;
        _value--;
    }
    void wake() {
        int mask = ~0;
        lock();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < _layers; i++) {
            if (_waiters[i] > 0) {
                mask = layer2mask(i);
                break;
            }
        }
        _value++;
        unlock();
        syscall(__NR_futex, &_value, FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET, 1,
                NULL, NULL, mask);
    }
private:
    int layer2mask(size_t layer) {
        return 1 << layer;
    }
private:
    pthread_mutex_t _mutex;
    int _value;
    size_t* _waiters;
    size_t _layers;
};

template<class T>
class Stack
{
public:
    Stack(size_t size, size_t cond_layers = 0) : _size(size), _sp(0) {
        _buf = new T*[_size];
        _cond = (cond_layers > 0) ?
            (Cond*)new LayeredCond(cond_layers) : (Cond*)new NormalCond();
    }
    ~Stack() {
        delete []_buf;
        delete _cond;
    }
    T* pop(size_t layer = 0) {
        T* ret = NULL;
        _cond->lock();
        do {
            if (_sp > 0) {
                ret = _buf[--_sp];
            }
            else {
                _cond->wait(layer);
            }
        } while (ret == NULL);
        _cond->unlock();
        return ret;
    }
    void push(T* obj) {
        _cond->lock();
        if (_sp >= _size) {
            printf("FATAL: stack overflow\n");
            abort();
        }
        _buf[_sp++] = obj;
        _cond->unlock();
        _cond->wake();
    }
private:
    const size_t _size;
    size_t _sp;
    T** _buf;
    Cond* _cond;
};

http://blogread.cn/it/article/7248?f=catetitle