场景：控制端——普通手机；被控制端——XX设备（无屏幕、无法用户操作、有系统权限）
网上关于文件传输实现的文章较少，没有发现满足我需求的资料，于是我索性深入到系统源码里头，研究了系统蓝牙（com.android.bluetooth不同的平台包名可能有差异）是如何实现文件收发的，然后再设计出自己的实现方案。
对于已经实现了蓝牙socket通讯（BluetoothChatService和BluetoothUtil）的小伙伴们，很容易想到的文件传输方式是采用文件流，1.通过socket获取输入输出流来处理传输（分别使用getInputStream()和getOutputStream()）。2.用read(byte[])和write(byte[])来实现读写。然而实际上并没有那么简单，如“数据包截断”问题，以及传输过程中穿插其他信令交互的问题等等。如果基于蓝牙socket，通过文件流的形式传输，要做到比较可靠，其实就相当于你要实现OBEX协议（对象交换）的具体内容，复杂度和工作量还是不小的。
请注意，普通手机端，由于可以用户操作，依据通用API直接调用com.android.bluetooth的文件传输功能即可，这里说的是XX设备端，由于无法交互，需要程序自动确认传输的实现方式。
直接上代码吧，XX设备端，发送文件的处理：
/**
* 通过系统的蓝牙文件传输功能，基于OBEX协议，向外发送文件
* @param file
* @param destination
*/
public void sendFileByBluetooth(File file, String destination) {
String uri = "file://" + file.getAbsolutePath();
Intent sharingIntent = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_SEND);
sharingIntent.setType("*/*");
sharingIntent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.bluetooth", "com.android.bluetooth.opp.BluetoothOppLauncherActivity"));
sharingIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse(uri));
App.getInstance().startActivity(sharingIntent);
//以上代码看上去和第三方应用调用蓝牙发送没什么太多区别
//下面的代码，就是直接跳过原本需要用户手动操作的步骤了
//稍等片刻,提高发送成功率的关键
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
logd(e);
}
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothDevicePicker.ACTION_DEVICE_SELECTED);//需要系统应用uid=1000，才可以发送
intent.putExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE, getBTDevice(destination));
intent.setClassName("com.android.bluetooth", "com.android.bluetooth.opp.BluetoothOppReceiver");
App.getInstance().sendBroadcast(intent);
//这一段发送了一个定向广播，告诉com.android.bluetooth已经选择了一个设备
//下面这一段，就是要把弹出的蓝牙选择界面自动去除（模拟按下返回键）
new Thread(new Runnable() {//自动去掉蓝牙选择的界面
@Override
public void run() {
boolean cover = false;//被遮挡
while (true) {
if (!isAppOnForeground(App.getInstance(), App.getInstance().getPackageName())) {
try {
Instrumentation inst = new Instrumentation();
inst.sendKeyDownUpSync(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
cover = true;
}
if (cover && isAppOnForeground(App.getInstance(), App.getInstance().getPackageName())) {
logd("break");
break;
} else {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logd(e);
}
}
}
}
}).start();
}
XX设备端，接收文件的处理：
（使用了ContentObserver ，至于为什么可查看源码，这里不多解释）
String sendFileName = "";
File targetFileReceive = null;
File targetFileSend = null;
boolean transferFlag = false;
private ContentObserver btObserver = new ContentObserver(mHandler) {//用于自动确认并接收蓝牙文件
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
super.onChange(selfChange);
logd("btObserver onChange.");//需要申请权限android.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH_SHARE，并且需要同Bluetooth的签名，即系统签名
if(!transferFlag){
return;
}
Cursor cursor = App.getInstance().getContentResolver().query(BluetoothShare.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, BluetoothShare._ID);
if(cursor == null){
logd("cursor null.");
return;
}
cursor.moveToLast();//直接跳至最后一条记录（最新记录）
int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare._ID));
int direction = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.DIRECTION));
int user_confirm = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION));
String fileName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.FILENAME_HINT));
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
if (direction == BluetoothShare.DIRECTION_INBOUND && user_confirm == BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION_PENDING) {
stringBuilder.append("a new incoming file confirm,");
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(sendFileName) && sendFileName.equals(fileName)) {
if (fileName != null) {
targetFileReceive = new File(FileConfig.FILE_BLUETOOTH, fileName);
if(targetFileReceive.exists()){//避免有重名的文件，先删除
targetFileReceive.delete();
}
}
ContentValues mUpdateValues = new ContentValues();
mUpdateValues.put(BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION, BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION_CONFIRMED);
App.getInstance().getContentResolver().update(BluetoothShare.CONTENT_URI, mUpdateValues, null, null);
stringBuilder.append("confirm it.");
startBTTransferMonitering(id, direction);//开始监控接收过程
} else {
stringBuilder.append("refuse it.");
ContentValues mUpdateValues = new ContentValues();
mUpdateValues.put(BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION, BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION_DENIED);
App.getInstance().getContentResolver().update(BluetoothShare.CONTENT_URI, mUpdateValues, null, null);
}
logd(stringBuilder.append("id = ").append(id).toString());//打印该条记录
} else if (direction == BluetoothShare.DIRECTION_OUTBOUND && user_confirm == BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION_AUTO_CONFIRMED) {
logd(stringBuilder.append("a new outcoming file request:").append("id = ").append(id));//打印该条记录
startBTTransferMonitering(id, direction);//开始监控发送过程
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3 && !cursor.isBeforeFirst(); i++) {//打印最后三条记录
logd(buildBtCursorInfo(cursor));
cursor.moveToPrevious();
}
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.close();
}
}
};
private String buildBtCursorInfo(Cursor cursor){
if(cursor == null){
return null;
}
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare._ID));
String uri = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.URI));
String fileName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.FILENAME_HINT));
String data = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare._DATA));
String mineType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.MIMETYPE));
int direction = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.DIRECTION));
String destination = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.DESTINATION));
int visibility = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.VISIBILITY));
int user_confirm = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION));
int status = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.STATUS));
int total_bytes = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.TOTAL_BYTES));
int current_bytes = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.CURRENT_BYTES));
int timeStamp = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.TIMESTAMP));
int media_scanned = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("scanned"));
stringBuilder.append(BluetoothShare._ID).append(" = ").append(id).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.URI).append(" = ").append(uri).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.FILENAME_HINT).append(" = ").append(fileName).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare._DATA).append(" = ").append(data).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.MIMETYPE).append(" = ").append(mineType).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.DIRECTION).append(" = ").append(direction).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.DESTINATION).append(" = ").append(destination).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.VISIBILITY).append(" = ").append(visibility).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.USER_CONFIRMATION).append(" = ").append(user_confirm).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.STATUS).append(" = ").append(status).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.TOTAL_BYTES).append(" = ").append(total_bytes).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.CURRENT_BYTES).append(" = ").append(current_bytes).append(",")
.append(BluetoothShare.TIMESTAMP).append(" = ").append(timeStamp).append(",")
.append("scanned").append(" = ").append(media_scanned);
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
private void startBTTransferMonitering(final int id, final int direction){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
logt("bt Transfer Monitor Thread start.");
Cursor cursor = null;
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
boolean success = false;
while (true){
cursor = App.getInstance().getContentResolver().query(BluetoothShare.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, BluetoothShare._ID);
if(cursor == null){
logt("bt transfer monitering failed, cursor null.");
break;
} else {
for(cursor.moveToFirst(); !cursor.isAfterLast(); cursor.moveToNext()){
if(cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare._ID)) == id){
break;
}
}
//logt(buildBtCursorInfo(cursor));
int status = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(BluetoothShare.STATUS));
if (BluetoothShare.isStatusCompleted(status)) {
if (BluetoothShare.isStatusSuccess(status)) {
success = true;
logt("Status Success.");
} else if (BluetoothShare.isStatusError(status)) {
if (BluetoothShare.isStatusClientError(status)) {
logt("Status Client Error.");
} else if (BluetoothShare.isStatusServerError(status)) {
logt("Status Server Error.");
} else {
logt("Status Error");
}
} else {
logt("Status Completed.");
}
break;
} else if (BluetoothShare.isStatusInformational(status)) {
//logt("Status Informational.");
} else if (BluetoothShare.isStatusSuspended(status)) {
logt("Status Suspended.");
} else {
logt("Status = " + status);
}
}
if(System.currentTimeMillis() - start >= 10*60*1000){//十分钟超时
break;
}
try{
Thread.sleep(500);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
logt(e);
}
}
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.close();
}
if (direction == BluetoothShare.DIRECTION_OUTBOUND) {//发送文件结束
String res = buildBtMessage(success ? TcpConfig.BT_COPY_FILE : TcpConfig.BT_DELETE_FILE, targetFileSend.getName());
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(res)) {
sendMessage(res);
}
if (targetFileSend != null && targetFileSend.exists()) {//删除压缩包
targetFileSend.delete();
targetFileSend = null;
}
} else {//接收文件结束
if (targetFileReceive != null && targetFileReceive.exists()) {//把目标文件（apk升级包）剪切至Download目录
if (success) {
ShellUtil.execCommand("cp " + targetFileReceive.getAbsolutePath() + " " + FileConfig.FILE_DOWNLOAD + targetFileReceive.getName(), false);
//FileUtil.copyFile(targetFileReceive.getAbsolutePath(), FileConfig.FILE_DOWNLOAD + targetFileReceive.getName(), false);
}
sendMessage(buildBtMessage(TcpConfig.BT_SEND_APK, success ? "成功" : "失败"));
targetFileReceive.delete();
targetFileReceive = null;
}
}
logt("bt Transfer Monitor Thread quit. Duration time = "
+ getSimpleFormat(System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
private void logt(Object o) {
logd("Thread_" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ":" + o);
}
}).start();
}
public String getSimpleFormat(long cost){
if (cost >= 60 * 60 * 1000) {
return String.valueOf(UniversalUtil.getDoubleFomat((float) cost / (60 * 60 * 1000), 3)) + " h";
} else if (cost >= 60 * 1000) {
return String.valueOf(UniversalUtil.getDoubleFomat((float) cost / (60 * 1000), 3)) + " min";
} else if(cost>=1000){
return String.valueOf(UniversalUtil.getDoubleFomat((float) cost / 1000, 3)) + " s";
} else {
return String.valueOf(cost) + "ms";
}
}
以上实现方案，纯属自行研究结果，如有更优方案，欢迎交流指教。
根据实测经验，蓝牙传输的速率，相比于热点连接，会慢很多。
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